Introduction.

Medical internships in Peru expose students to demanding work schedules that may affect their physical and mental well-being.

Objective.

To determine the perceived workload among medical interns in institutions of the Ministry of Health (MINSA) and Social Health Insurance (EsSalud), exploring workplace factors, academic demands, and perceived psychosocial risks.

Materials and Methods.

An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted, with prospective data collection through surveys administered to medical interns during 2024. A questionnaire including sociodemographic, occupational, and academic variables was used, along with the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), which assesses perceived workload. A total of 75 valid surveys were analyzed.

Results.

Statistically significant differences were found in three NASA-TLX dimensions between MINSA and EsSalud interns: mental demand (8.49 vs. 7.81), physical demand (8.07 vs. 7.44), and frustration (7.37 vs. 6.47), all higher among MINSA interns (p < 0.05). High perceived workload was more frequent among MINSA interns (OR = 4.58) and males (OR = 3.52).

Conclusion.

The institutional environment influences perceived workload among medical interns, being higher in MINSA facilities than in EsSalud. Likewise, males showed a higher risk of high workload compared to females. These findings highlight the importance of context and a gender-based perspective in medical internships.