Abstract

CELI FERNANDEZ, Royer Sthiben; MORALES AVENDANO, Ever Darío  and  ANDRADE RUIZ, Charity Elizabeth. Application of phytoremediation with macrophytes. Rev. Soc. cient. Parag. [online]. 2025, vol.30, n.2, pp.103-113. ISSN 0379-9123.  https://doi.org/10.32480/rscp.2025.30.2.103113.

Aquatic plants have a great capacity to purify wastewater, since they eliminate organic and inorganic contaminants such as nitrogen and phosphorus and regulate Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in symbiosis with bacteria. Studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using this alternative to efficiently treat effluents using different species of macrophytes capable of absorbing, accumulating, metabolizing, volatilizing or stabilizing contaminants in soil, air, water or sediments. The objective of this review is to form an integration of updated information on this technology for wastewater treatment and its advantages as biofilters; in addition to the comparison of different species with different contaminants and its treatment mechanism, as well as the current and future perspective of the use of macrophytes, thanks to their performance, removal efficiency, quality of treatment and use of biomass. The consolidation of the advances achieved demonstrates that the physicochemical mechanisms of rhizofiltration (Azolla, Eichhornia, Lemna, Pistia, Typha); phytovolatilization (Juncus, Phragmites, Typha) and phytodegradation of drugs and detergents (Phragmites, Spirodela), will continue to serve as physioecological models in studies on the removal efficiency of metals, organochlorines and emerging contaminants at the root and leaf level in aquatic plants. The application of phytoremediation as a strategy for the mitigation of greenhouse gases is also highlighted.

Keywords : Aquatic plants; biomass; heavy metals; phytoremediation; wastewater..

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