Resumen

VERA, Lara Lujan; PORTILLO, Víctor Pérez; LEZCANO, Fernando Núñez  y  MIGUEL, Maria Cristina San. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Paraguay focused on risk groups. Med. clín. soc. [online]. 2024, vol.8, n.3, pp.382-389. ISSN 2521-2281.  https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v8i1.442.

It is estimated that 60% of the world population has antibody titers against Toxoplasma gondii. Primary infection in pregnant women always implies concern, since it has a teratogenic effect. South America has the highest combined prevalence. Patients with HIV-AIDS or other immunodeficiencies can develop toxoplasmosis due to primary infection or reactivation. Ocular toxoplasmosis, a common cause of chorioretinitis that can cause decreased vision and blindness. A narrative review was prepared to describe the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in 3 high-risk population groups in Paraguay: women of childbearing age and pregnant women; patients with immunosuppression and patients with visual alterations. A time limit of 15 years was established (2008-2023), open access databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scielo were consulted. 45 articles were obtained, 18 that corresponded to the objectives of the study were selected; and 15 articles of global prevalence. In pregnant women, IgG ranged between 45% and 90% seropositivity and IgM between 6% and 85%. Ig G avidity showed a prevalence between 13% and 18% with low avidity. The prevalence of Ig G in SLE was 73%; in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyl osteoarthritis it was 67% and in PLWHA patients it was 94%. Congenital Toxoplasmosis in newborns, infants and young children occurred between 19% and 46%. Evaluating the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis implies establishing the development of prevention and/or treatment strategies in at-risk populations.

Palabras clave : Toxoplasmosis; Prevalence; Vulnerable populations..

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