Introduction:

Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) present deconditioning that impacts their respiratory muscles and recovery.

Materials and methods:

A systematic review combined with descriptive analysis of retrospective chronology of clinical trials between 2010 and 2023 was carried out in indexed databases. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration, data collection, and study selection were carried out according to the criteria of the PRISMA and PICO Declaration. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were focused on people over 18 years of age admitted to the ICU, who performed respiratory muscle training (RMT) regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics, disease, or stage. The type of population, intervention and control groups, duration and frequency of the intervention, and results obtained were collected.

Results:

In the first search, 1,171,143 documents were identified and after the respective filters, 14 clinical trials were included, in which RMT was implemented with inspiratory threshold loading devices, and that evaluated the physiological parameters (minute ventilation, tidal volume), gas exchange (PaO2, PaCO2), increase in maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow and maximum inspiratory pressure.

Conclusions:

ICU patients who performed RMT obtained a reduction in pulmonary complications, hospital stay, and costs, as well as mortality. It is highlighted that existing studies combine RMT with other therapeutic modalities such as mobilizations, cardiovascular exercise, and strength training.

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