Introduction:

The most common etiology of chronic kidney disease is secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and of unknown origin. The causes may vary according to age and urban and rural origin.

Objective:

To identify the etiologies of chronic kidney disease that lead to hemodialysis.

Methodology:

This descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. A total of 1135 hemodialysis patients were surveyed in 24 dialysis centers in the Eastern Region of Paraguay.

Results:

The main etiologies of chronic kidney disease were secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus (38.77%), secondary to arterial hypertension (23.88%) and that of unknown origin (18.77%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most frequent cause in the interior of the country, the Central Department, and the Capital.

Differences in frequency were found concerning the etiologies of arterial hypertension and unknown origin, where the former was dominant in urban areas and the latter in rural areas. The average age was 54.8 ± 14.85 years, with the male sex being the most prevalent in all etiologies

Conclusions:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus was determined as the main cause of chronic kidney disease in all the centers visited. The cause of unknown origin was more prevalent in the interior. The lack of records of the evolution time of complications associated with the underlying pathologies in each center suggests the possibility of overdiagnosis.

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