Resumo

MANZANO, Fernando Ariel. Ageing and economic growth: alternative metrics, migration and innovation for a cross-cutting análisis. Poblac.Desarro. [online]. 2025, vol.31, n.61, pp.23-39. ISSN 2076-0531.  https://doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2025.031.61.023.

The economic impact of ageing is analysed from a cross-cutting approach that integrates the labour market, productivity, technological innovation, fiscal sustainability and migration. The starting point is that traditional metrics are insufficient to capture the heterogeneity of the process, so alternative measures such as prospective age and remaining years of life are incorporated in order to refine the economic interpretation of longevity. The objective is to examine whether a higher proportion of older people can restrict growth and to what extent migration balances, especially young immigration, offset these effects. Methodologically, a theoretical-analytical, qualitative and comparative design is adopted, based on academic literature and recent international reports. The findings suggest that ageing limits growth when it reduces the labour supply without concomitant improvements in productivity, participation and innovation; however, it reorients the productive structure towards higher value-added sectors (health, care, assistive technologies, senior tourism) when there are policies for lifelong learning and intergenerational work management. Fiscal sustainability is conditioned less by cuts than by the capacity to produce better and collect revenue more efficiently through formal employment, productivity, and mixed social security schemes. Positive net migration acts as a moderating factor by partially rejuvenating the age structure, broadening the tax base and boosting human capital and innovation, with effects depending on the quality of integration. The conclusion is that the impact is heterogeneous and non-linear; turning longevity into opportunity requires coordinating senior employability, innovation and an effective integration migration policy.

Palavras-chave : population ageing; migration; productivity; technological innovation.

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