Resumo

BALLON COSSIO, David. Pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia: fewer pieces missing. Pediatr. (Asunción) [online]. 2025, vol.52, n.3, pp.210-219. ISSN 1683-9803.  https://doi.org/10.31698/ped.52032025008b.

Idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) is a rare disease, but it affects both children and adults. It has peak incidences that generally occur after the age of 10. While there is ample evidence supporting an immunological mechanism as its pathophysiological basis, supported by immunosuppressive therapies and hematopoietic transplantation, additional alterations have been described that could explain the lack of response to treatment in some patients. Furthermore, certain findings suggest a possible clonal evolution towards proliferative entities, which is why it is considered a precursor to clonal alteration. This paper presents a narrative review, with the aim not only of updating existing information, but also of exploring the relationship between different cells and cytokines, as well as the appearance of genetic alterations. The review allows for an updated understanding of AAA alterations as a multifactorial process that generates disease failure and progression.

Palavras-chave : Pathophysiology; aplastic anemia; pediatrics; idiopathic.

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