<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2521-2281</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina clínica y social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. clín. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2521-2281</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Filial de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Cátedra de Socioantropología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2521-22812024000300280</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52379/mcs.v8i3.431</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Identificación molecular y perfil de sensibilidad antifúngica de Candida albicans y Candida dubliniensis aisladas de pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis isolated from ambulatory and hospitalized patients]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heriberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almirón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Desiré]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taboada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aurelia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratorio San Roque  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Previsión Social  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Medicina Tropical Programa Nacional de Control de VIH/Sida e ITS (PRONASIDA) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>280</fpage>
<lpage>288</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300280&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300280&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300280&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  C. albicans junto con C. dubliniensis y C. africana, forman el Complejo Candida albicans. Estas especies están estrechamente relacionadas entre sí, lo que dificulta la diferenciación por métodos convencionales.  Objetivos:  Diferenciar por método molecular Candida albicans y Candida dubliniensis en aislamientos de pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados de Central, Paraguay y conocer el perfil de sensibilidad de los mismos.  Metodología:  Se incluyeron levaduras aisladas de materiales respiratorios, cavidad bucal, secreciones purulentas, sangre, orina y otros. Se realizó una PCR dúplex de punto final a los aislamientos que desarrollaron coloración verdosa en medio cromogénico (CONDA®, España). El ADN se extrajo utilizando el kit Wizard® Genomic DNA (Promega, EE. UU.) con algunas modificaciones. La sensibilidad a antifúngicos se determinó por VITEK® 2 a un subgrupo de aislamientos.  Resultados:  De 1065 aislamientos, 838 (78,7 %) fueron C. albicans y 3 (0,3 %) C. dubliniensis, estos últimos provenientes de cavidad bucal; los 224 restantes fueron negativos para ambas especies. El 94,4 % de 503 aislamientos de C. albicans fueron sensibles a fluconazol, 97,6 % a voriconazol, 99,4 % a anfotericina B, 100 % a caspofungina y micafungina. Los tres aislamientos de C. dubliniensis presentaron CIM de &#8804; 0,5 µg/mL frente a fluconazol, &#8804; 0,12 µg/mL a voriconazol y &#8804; 0,25 µg/mL a anfotericina B.  Discusión:  La frecuencia de C. dubliniensis es baja con relación a otros estudios que informan valores de 1,5 a 32 %. Estos aislamientos no presentaron indicios de resistencia. C. albicans mostró buena sensibilidad a los antifúngicos ensayados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  C. albicans together with C. dubliniensis and C. Africana, form the Candida albicans Complex. These species are closely related to each other, making differentiation by conventional methods difficult.  Objectives:  To differentiate Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis by molecular method in isolates from outpatients and hospitalized patients from Central, Paraguay and to know their susceptibility profile.  Methods:  Yeasts isolated from respiratory materials, oral cavity, purulent secretions, blood, urine and others were included. An end-point duplex PCR was performed on the isolates that developed greenish coloration in chromogenic medium (CONDA®, Spain). DNA was extracted using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Kit (Promega, USA) with some modifications. Antifungal susceptibility was determined by VITEK® 2 to a subgroup of isolates.  Results:  Of 1065 isolates, 838 (78,7 %) were C. albicans and 3 (0,3 %) C. dubliniensis, the latter coming from the oral cavity; the remaining 224 were negative for both species. 94,4 % of 503 C. albicans isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, 97,6 % to voriconazole, 99,4 % to amphotericin B, 100 % to caspofungin and micafungin. The three isolates of C. dubliniensis presented MICs of &#8804; 0,5 µg/mL against fluconazole, &#8804; 0,12 µg/mL against voriconazole and &#8804; 0,25 µg/mL against amphotericin B.  Discussion:  The frequency of C. dubliniensis is low compared to other studies that report values of 1,5 to 32 %. These isolates did not exhibit signs of resistance. C. albicans exhibited good susceptibility to antifungals tested.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Candida albicans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Candida dubliniensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antifúngicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Candida albicans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Candida dubliniensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Polymerase Chain Reaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microbial Susceptibility Tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antifungal Agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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