<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2520-9914</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios paraguayos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. parag.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2520-9914</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Antropológicos de la Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" (CEADUC)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2520-99142025000100076</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47133/respy43-25-1-1a-04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay y sus nuevos desafíos: mayor productividad y diversificación productiva]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay and its new challenges: greater productivity and productive diversification]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dionisio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>76</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2520-99142025000100076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2520-99142025000100076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2520-99142025000100076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este artículo analiza los desafíos económicos de Paraguay para lograr desarrollo sostenible mediante el aumento de la productividad y diversificación productiva. Paraguay mantiene estabilidad macroeconómica, pero el crecimiento se moderó desde 2013, afectando la reducción de pobreza. La economía presenta alta dependencia del sector agrícola (soja, carne), generando vulnerabilidad a choques externos. Para incrementar productividad se proponen cinco intervenciones: fortalecer el ecosistema empresarial, mejorar competencia, desarrollar capacidades emprendedoras, facilitar financiamiento y acceso a mercados. La diversificación incluye desarrollo agroindustrial, sectores emergentes, cadenas de valor y clusters especializados. Los determinantes nacionales de productividad requieren mejoras en instituciones, innovación, educación e infraestructura, donde Paraguay presenta indicadores rezagados regionalmente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article analyzes Paraguay's economic challenges in achieving sustainable development through increased productivity and productive diversification. Paraguay maintains macroeconomic stability, but growth has moderated since 2013, affecting poverty reduction. The economy shows high dependence on agriculture (soybeans, beef), creating vulnerability to external shocks. To increase productivity, five interventions are proposed: strengthening business ecosystem, improving competition, developing entrepreneurial capabilities, facilitating financing and market access. Diversification includes agribusiness development, emerging sectors, value chains and specialized clusters. National productivity determinants require improvements in institutions, innovation, education and infrastructure, where Paraguay shows lagging regional indicators.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversificación productiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agroindustria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productive diversification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agribusiness]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La era de la productividad: Cómo transformar las economías desde sus cimientos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte de crecimiento de Paraguay]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crecimiento y desarrollo económico en Paraguay]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CADEP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Cepal</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2021: Avanzando juntos hacia una mejor recuperación]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coscia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simoes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yildirim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The atlas of economic complexity: Mapping paths to prosperity]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The building blocks of economic complexity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>10570-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Japan International Cooperation Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio sobre el desarrollo económico de la República de Paraguay]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[JICA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The age of diminished expectations: U.S. economic policy in the 1990s]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<edition>4th ed.</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Straight talk on trade: Ideas for a sane world economy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sachs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The curse of natural resources]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4-6</numero>
<issue>4-6</issue>
<page-range>827-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A contribution to the theory of economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiglitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The euro: How a common currency threatens the future of Europe]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Trade and development report 2020: From global pandemic to prosperity for all]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What should the World Bank think about the Washington Consensus?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Bank Research Observer]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>251-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wacquant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La cárcel es una institución fuera de la ley. Conversación acerca de las cárceles de la miseria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[URVIO: Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>153-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wacquant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Castigar a los pobres: el gobierno neoliberal de la inseguridad social]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wacquant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las cárceles de la miseria]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wacquant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoliberal penality at work: A response to my Spanish critics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>115-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wacquant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Forjando el Estado neoliberal: workfare, prisonfare e inseguridad social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prohistoria: Historia, Políticas de la Historia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yugueros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La delincuencia femenina: una revisión teórica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro: Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>311-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
