<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2414-8938</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Academo (Asunción)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acad. (Asunción)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2414-8938</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Americana ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2414-89382019000200124</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30545/academo.2019.jul-dic.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores familiares y escolares que influyen en los problemas de conducta y de aprendizaje en los niños]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Family and school factors that influence behavior and learning problems in children]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo Barberán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla Michelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez Quimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zoller Andina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guayquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guayquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guayquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>124</fpage>
<lpage>134</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2414-89382019000200124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2414-89382019000200124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2414-89382019000200124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los factores familiares y escolares que influyen en los problemas de conducta y de aprendizaje en la etapa infantil. Para ello se contó con la participación de 12 niños entre los siete y nueve años de edad, junto a su familia y el profesorado. Los casos fueron derivados al Centro Comunitario de control de tareas &#8220;Juanito Bosco&#8221;, ubicado en el sector Nigeria de la Isla Trinitaria, en Guayaquil, Ecuador, por presentar problemas de conducta y de aprendizaje de forma conjunta. El estudio fue realizado desde mayo hasta agosto de 2018, a través de una metodología cualitativa, con diseño no experimental y de alcance descriptivo-narrativo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: ficha de historia clínica, ficha psicoeducativa, entrevista semiestructurada de historia familiar, y guía de observación. Finalmente los resultados concluyen que: 1) la familia y el profesorado pueden favorecer el desarrollo infantil o contribuir al mantenimiento e intensificación de los problemas ya presentes, dependiendo de sus medios, conocimiento, estilos de afrontamiento, y la importancia conjunta que le den a estas dificultades, y 2) las etiquetas sociales, los métodos coercitivos, y los estilos parentales negligentes y autoritarios, tienen una incidencia mayormente negativa, manteniendo o intensificando las dificultades.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to identify family and school factors that influence behavior and learning problems in childhood. For this, 12 children between seven and nine years old participated, along with their family and teachers. Cases were referred to the Community Control Center of tasks "Juanito Bosco", located in the Nigeria sector of the Trinitaria Island, in Guayaquil, Ecuador, for presenting behavioral and learning problems at the same time. The study was conducted from May to August 2018, through a qualitative methodology, with non-experimental design and descriptive-narrative scope. Instruments used were: record of clinical history, psychoeducational record, semi-structured interview of family history, and observation guide. Finally, results conclude that: 1) family and teachers can favor child development or contribute to the maintenance and intensification of problems already presented, depending on their means, knowledge, coping styles, and the joint importance they give to these difficulties, and 2) social labels, coercive methods, and negligent and authoritarian parental styles, have a mostly negative incidence, maintaining or intensifying the difficulties.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Familia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[family]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[behavior]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alemany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las consecuencias sociales de las dificultades de aprendizaje en niños y adolescentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ehquidad International Welfare Policies and Social Work Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>91-122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bronfenbrenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developmental science in the 21st century: emerging questions, theoretical models, research designs and empirical findings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Development]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>115-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El rendimiento académico, un fenómeno de múltiples relaciones y complejidades]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Vanguardia Psicológica Clínica Teórica y Práctica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>144-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonifacci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Specific learning disorders: A look inside children&#8217;s and parents&#8217; psychological well-being and relationships]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Learning Disabilities]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>532-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comeche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introducción al estudio de los problemas de comportamiento en la infancia. Palma de Mallorca]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whipple]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cumulative risk and child development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1342-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naissir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El estado emocional y el bajo rendimiento académico en niños y niñas de Colombia: Avances en psicología]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>103-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bottesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Re]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mammarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Socioemotional Features and Resilience in Italian University Students with and without Dyslexia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Berrocal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inteligencia emocional, control cognitivo y estatus socioeconómico de los padres como factores protectores de la conducta agresiva en la niñez y la adolescencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>31.1</numero>
<issue>31.1</issue>
<page-range>39-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developmental trajectories of conduct problems and cumulative risk from early childhood to adolescence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of youth and adolescence]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>181-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dificultades de aprendizaje]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómo intervenir en los problemas de conducta infantiles: Padres y Maestros]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Parents and Teachers]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Secondary symptoms of dyslexia: a comparison of self-esteem and anxiety profiles of children with and without dyslexia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Special Needs Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>279-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papalia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendkos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología del Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mcgraw Hill Interamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimaicuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Programa de juegos de interacción social para estimular el control de las conductas agresivas en primaria. &#8220;UCV-HACER&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación y Cultura]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivenbark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odgers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caspi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moffitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The high societal costs of childhood conduct problems: evidence from administrative records up to age 38 in a longitudinal birth cohort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>703-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de dificultades lectoras escolares]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Homrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñafiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Entornos y estrategias educativas para la inclusión social]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Granada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comares]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sridevi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sriveni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangaswami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning disability and behavior problems among school going children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Disability Studies]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarkowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clements]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Problem behaviour and people with severe learning disabilities: the STAR approach]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Routledge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[London]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
