<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2312-3893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2312-3893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2312-38932021000200076</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2021.08.02.76</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis del papel de la vitamina D en la defensa inmunitaria contra la COVID-19 en los adultos mayores]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of the role of vitamin D in the immune defense against COVID-19 in older adults]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedreáñez Santana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñóz Castelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelson Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tene Salcan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robalino Congacha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia Facultad de Medicina Escuela de Bioanálisis]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Chimborazo Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital General IESS  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ginecología y Osteoporosis INGINOST  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>76</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2312-38932021000200076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2312-38932021000200076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2312-38932021000200076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) fue anunciada como una pandemia mundial por la Organización Mundial de la Salud el 11 de febrero de 2020. A partir de ese momento han surgido desafíos con respecto a cómo apoyar de manera óptima el sistema inmunitario en la población en general, y especialmente en los adultos mayores. Existen muchas evidencias de que la gravedad de las infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 varía ampliamente con la edad, siendo generalmente más severa en los ancianos. Una respuesta inmunitaria óptima depende de una dieta y nutrición adecuadas para contrarrestar adecuadamente la infección. Varios estudios han demostrado la importancia de la vitamina D como un factor clave en la regulación de las respuestas inmunitarias. En esta revisión, analizamos el papel de la vitamina D en la respuesta inmunitaria durante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 con especial énfasis en los adultos mayores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on February 11, 2020. From that moment, challenges have arisen regarding how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, and especially in older adults. There is much evidence that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections varies widely with age, being generally more severe in the elderly. An optimal immune response depends on proper diet and nutrition to adequately counter the infection. Several studies have shown the importance of vitamin D as a key factor in regulating immune responses. In this review, we analyze the role of vitamin D in the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection with special emphasis on older adults.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[envejecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inflamación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vitamina D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infecciones por coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema inmunológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inflammation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vitamin D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coronavirus infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immune system]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>548-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleine-Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krüger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erichsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>181</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>271-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kannan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaik Syed Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheeza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemalatha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trends]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>2006-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>491-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Iran Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>268-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thenappan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhargava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Med (Lond)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>e107-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeLuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chapter one - Vitamin D]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Litwack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vitamins &amp; Hormones]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>Vol.100</volume>
<page-range>1-20</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Elsevier ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pike]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biology and mechanisms of action of the vitamin D hormone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>815-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The history of the discovery of vitamin D and its daughter steroid hormone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Nutr Metab]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>199-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantalena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rohowsky-Kochan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) ameliorates Th17 autoimmunity via transcriptional modulation of interleukin-17A]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mol Cell Biol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>3653-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Amelio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1656</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing miR-125b]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Immunopharmacol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>106-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gombart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maggini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>236</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspinall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D status and the host resistance to infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Ther]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>930-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miccono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamburghini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avanzato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allegrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-care for common colds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Evid Based Complement Alternat Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>2018</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schröder-Heurich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Hardenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kipke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D improves endothelial barrier integrity and counteracts inflammatory effects on endothelial progenitor cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FASEB J]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>9142-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hickner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and endothelial function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>575</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nathanielsz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marimla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-Inflammatory effects of vitamin D on human immune cells in the context of bacterial infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>806</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wöbke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinhilber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D in inflammatory diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Physiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>244</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagaoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niyonsaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modulation of neutrophil apoptosis by antimicrobial peptides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISRN Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2012</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaumont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosseau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackellar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hancock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[REW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The human cathelicidin LL-37 preferentially promotes apoptosis of infected airway epithelium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>692-702</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svoboda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackellar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[York]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antiviral activity and increased host defense against influenza infection elicited by the human cathelicidin LL-37]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schögler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kieninger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casaulta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapparel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D represses rhinovirus replication in cystic fibrosis cells by inducing LL-37]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>520-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Telcian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zdrenghea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laza-Stanca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D increases the antiviral activity of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antiviral Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<page-range>93-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages through the induction of autophagy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Pathog]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1002689</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Branchett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lloyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulatory cytokine function in the respiratory tract]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mucosal Immunol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>589-600</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ChS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitriol inhibits osteoclastogenesis in an inflammatory environment by changing the proportion and function of T helper cell subsets (Th2/Th17)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell Prolif]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudensky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulatory T cells and Foxp3]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immunol Rev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>241</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>260-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bishop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ismailova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dimeloe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hewison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and immune regulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JBMR Plus]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ChY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of vitamin D3 on maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells treated with mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Pac J Trop Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>54-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barragan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Good]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of dendritic cell function by vitamin D]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>8127-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fülöp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dupuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of immunosenescence in the development of age-related diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Invest Clin]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>84-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contributions of age-related thymic involution to immunosenescence and inflammaging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immun Ageing]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallagher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JCh]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and aging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>319-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cesari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arosio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D in physiological and pathological aging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Endocr Metab Disord]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>273-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aslam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jahangir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamboh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D as a principal factor in mediating rheumatoid arthritis-derived immune response]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomed Res Int]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2019</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montano-Loza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>856-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Honardoost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghavideldarestani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khamseh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of vitamin D in pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Physiol Biochem]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malek Mahdavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A brief review of interplay between vitamin D and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>2119</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cormier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courbebaisse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency and the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Glob Antimicrob Resist]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>133-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verheyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grübler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomaschitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[März]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease prevention]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>404-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low vitamin D levels are associated with the development of deep venous thromboembolic events in patients with ischemic stroke]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Appl Thromb Hemost]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>69S-75S</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emerging role of vitamin D and its associated molecules in pathways related to pathogenesis of thrombosis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomolecules]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>649</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gruber-Bzura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and influenza-prevention or therapy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2419</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonal variations of U.S. mortality rates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<page-range>5-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Björkhem-Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>65835</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martineau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jolliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>356</volume>
<page-range>6583</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>380</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dancer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parekh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lax]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ChR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bassford]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency contributes directly to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>617-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanatta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pigatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carniello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypovitaminosis D in an hospitalized old population of Western Friuli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reumatismo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>166-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moschonis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambrinou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsoutsoulopoulou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karachaliou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of vitamin D status in southern european countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Nutr]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2001-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boccardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaggi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garaffa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypovitaminosis D]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>128</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Entrenas Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Entrenas Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaquero Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcalá Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>203</volume>
<page-range>105751</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annweiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanotte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandin de l'Eprevier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabatier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Célarier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and survival in COVID-19 patients: A quasi-experimental study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>204</volume>
<page-range>105771</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
