<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2312-3893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2312-3893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2312-38932021000100156</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2021.08.01.156</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Trastornos del Sodio]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sodium disorders]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soliz Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gardenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mestanza Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinos Tigrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John Israel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade Rada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica Valeria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Luis Vernaza Servicio de Medicina Interna ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>156</fpage>
<lpage>166</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2312-38932021000100156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2312-38932021000100156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2312-38932021000100156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El Sodio es uno de los principales cationes extracelulares que se encarga de controlar el volumen extracelular y la presión sanguínea. El Sodio ingresa al organismo de los alimentos y las bebidas y lo elimina principalmente en el sudor y en la orina. Una función renal intacta mantiene una concentración constante de Sodio, ajustando la cantidad eliminada en la orina; cuando la ingesta y la pérdida de Sodio no están en equilibrio, se altera la cantidad total de Sodio en el organismo. Estos cambios en las concentraciones de Sodio provocan trastornos del balance de agua. Tanto la hiponatremia (Na &lt;135 mEq/L) como la hipernatremia (&gt;145 mEq/L) causan principalmente síntomas neurológicos. La instauración de los síntomas relacionados con la hiponatremia está dada por la gravedad y rapidez del cambio de concentración plasmática del Sodio. En individuos sanos, la ingestión de agua no conduce a hiponatremia porque la liberación suprimida de hormona antidiurética (ADH) permite que el exceso de agua se excrete en una orina diluida. Esta revisión bibliográfica se basa en estudios y guías clínicas actualizadas, cuyo objetivo es facilitar de manera más resumida, práctica y esquemática la corrección de los trastornos del Sodio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Sodium is one of the main extracellular cations that is responsible for controlling extracellular volume and blood pressure. Sodium enters the body from food and drink and is eliminated mainly in sweat and urine. An intact kidney function maintains a constant sodium concentration, adjusting the amount excreted in the urine. When sodium intake and loss are not in balance, the total amount of sodium in the body is altered. These changes in sodium concentrations cause disturbances in the water balance. Both hyponatremia (Na &lt; 135 mEq/L) and hypernatremia (&gt; 145 mEq/L) mainly cause neurological symptoms. The onset of symptoms related to hyponatremia is due to the severity and rapidity of the change in plasma sodium concentration. In healthy individuals, ingestion of water does not lead to hyponatremia because the suppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), allows excess water to be excreted in dilute urine. This bibliographic review is based on updated studies and clinical guidelines, the objective of which is to facilitate the correction of sodium disorders in a more summarized, practical and schematic way.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sodio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipernatremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hiponatremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sodium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypernatremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hyponatremia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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