<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2708-0412</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista científica en ciencias sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cient. cienc. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2708-0412</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2708-04122025000100503</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53732/rccsociales/e701503</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Participación de las mujeres en la investigación de las ciencias duras: Una mirada regional desde la perspectiva de la brecha de género]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Participation of women in hard sciences research: A regional view from the perspective of the gender gap]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala de Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candia Crechi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Perla Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oviedo Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Pacífico, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Norte Facultad Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Norte Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>503</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2708-04122025000100503&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2708-04122025000100503&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2708-04122025000100503&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La revisión examina la participación de las mujeres en la investigación científica, particularmente en las ciencias duras (STEM), con un enfoque regional para comprender la brecha de género en este campo. Se realizó un análisis sumativo de contenido utilizando palabras clave (Mujer, Investigación, Ciencia, Dura, STEM, brecha y género). Se identificaron temas comunes como estereotipos de género, falta de referentes, porcentaje de mujeres investigadoras en STEM, techo de cristal, efecto Matilda, efecto Curie, brecha en producción científica y citaciones, brecha en redes de colaboración, factores determinantes de la brecha de género y dificultades que enfrentan las mujeres científicas. El análisis revela la persistencia de estereotipos de género, la falta de referentes femeninos en STEM, la existencia del techo de cristal que limita el ascenso de las mujeres en la carrera científica, el efecto Matilda que invisibiliza sus contribuciones, y el efecto Curie que exige sacrificios personales desproporcionados. Se concluye que la brecha de género en la investigación científica persiste y se necesita un cambio cultural que promueva la equidad, políticas de género que fortalezcan la visibilidad de las mujeres científicas y la valoración de su rol en la innovación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The review examines women's participation in scientific research, particularly in the hard sciences (STEM), with a regional approach to understanding the gender gap in this field. A summative content analysis was performed using key words (Woman, Research, Science, Hard, STEM, gap and gender). Common themes were identified such as gender stereotypes, lack of references, percentage of women researchers in STEM, glass ceiling, Matilda effect, Curie effect, gap in scientific production and citations, gap in collaboration networks, determining factors of the gender gap and difficulties faced by women scientists. The analysis reveals the persistence of gender stereotypes, the lack of female references in STEM, the existence of the glass ceiling that limits the rise of women in scientific careers, the Matilda effect that makes their contributions invisible, and the Curie effect that requires disproportionate personal sacrifices. It is concluded that the gender gap in scientific research persists and a cultural change is needed that promotes equity, gender policies that strengthen the visibility of women scientists and the appreciation of their role in innovation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mujer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[investigación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencia, brecha generacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estereotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación de la mujer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Women]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[generation gap]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stereotypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[womens participation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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