<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2521-2281</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina clínica y social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. clín. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2521-2281</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Filial de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Cátedra de Socioantropología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2521-22812024000300382</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52379/mcs.v8i1.442</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia de toxoplasmosis en Paraguay enfocada a grupos de riesgo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Paraguay focused on risk groups]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lara Lujan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Pérez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lezcano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando Núñez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Cristina San]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social Programa Nacional de Control de Zoonosis ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>382</fpage>
<lpage>389</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300382&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300382&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300382&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se estima que el 60 % de la población mundial presenta títulos de anticuerpos contra Toxoplasma gondii. La primo-infección en embarazadas siempre implica preocupación, ya que tiene efecto teratogénico. América del Sur presenta la prevalencia combinada más alta. Los pacientes con HIV-SIDA u otras inmunodeficiencias pueden desarrollar toxoplasmosis por primo infección o reactivación. La Toxoplasmosis ocular, causa frecuente de corioretinitis que puede ocasionar disminución de visión y ceguera. Se elaboró una revisión narrativa, y describir la prevalencia de Toxoplasmosis en 3 grupos poblacionales de alto riesgo en Paraguay: mujeres en edad fértil y embarazadas; pacientes con inmunodepresión y pacientes con alteraciones visuales. Se estableció un límite temporal de 15 años (2008-2023), se consultaron bases de datos de acceso libre Google Scholar, PubMed, y Scielo. Se obtuvieron 45 artículos, se seleccionaron 18 que correspondían a los objetivos del estudio; y 15 artículos de prevalencia mundial. En embarazadas la IgG oscilo entre 45 % y 90 % de seropositividad y la Ig M entre 6 % y 85 %. La avidez de Ig G, arrojó una prevalencia entre el 13 % y 18 % con baja avidez. La prevalencia de Ig G en LES fue del 73%; en artritis reumatoide y espondilo artrosis del 67 % y en pacientes PVVS fue del 94 %. La Toxoplasmosis congénita en recién nacidos, lactantes y niños pequeños se presentó entre un 19 % y 46 %. Evaluar la prevalencia de Toxoplasmosis implica instaurar el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y/o tratamiento en poblaciones de riesgo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT It is estimated that 60% of the world population has antibody titers against Toxoplasma gondii. Primary infection in pregnant women always implies concern, since it has a teratogenic effect. South America has the highest combined prevalence. Patients with HIV-AIDS or other immunodeficiencies can develop toxoplasmosis due to primary infection or reactivation. Ocular toxoplasmosis, a common cause of chorioretinitis that can cause decreased vision and blindness. A narrative review was prepared to describe the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in 3 high-risk population groups in Paraguay: women of childbearing age and pregnant women; patients with immunosuppression and patients with visual alterations. A time limit of 15 years was established (2008-2023), open access databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scielo were consulted. 45 articles were obtained, 18 that corresponded to the objectives of the study were selected; and 15 articles of global prevalence. In pregnant women, IgG ranged between 45% and 90% seropositivity and IgM between 6% and 85%. Ig G avidity showed a prevalence between 13% and 18% with low avidity. The prevalence of Ig G in SLE was 73%; in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyl osteoarthritis it was 67% and in PLWHA patients it was 94%. Congenital Toxoplasmosis in newborns, infants and young children occurred between 19% and 46%. Evaluating the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis implies establishing the development of prevention and/or treatment strategies in at-risk populations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Toxoplasmosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Poblaciones vulnerables.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Toxoplasmosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vulnerable populations.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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