<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2521-2281</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina clínica y social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. clín. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2521-2281</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Filial de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Cátedra de Socioantropología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2521-22812024000300250</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52379/mcs.v8i3.425</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Se puede obtener una puntuación global de ansiedad y depresión a partir de la Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) en población peruana que ha experimentado la muerte de un ser querido? Soporte empírico para un modelo unidimensional o de dos dimensiones.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Can a global score for anxiety and depression be obtained from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) in the Peruvian population that has experienced the death of a loved one? Empirical support for a unidimensional or two-dimensional model.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbajal León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caycho-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yupanqui Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lino-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Orosco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lindsey W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Bossio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdova-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de San Martin de Porres Instituto de Investigación FCCTP ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Científica del Sur  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas Facultad de Psicología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Continental Facultad de Humanidades ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Huancayo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Privada del Norte Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Señor de Sipán  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chiclayo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Privada del Norte Facultad de Comunicaciones ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>250</fpage>
<lpage>262</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300250&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300250&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2521-22812024000300250&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: A nivel mundial, la ansiedad y la depresión figuran como los trastornos mentales más frecuentes, tanto en entornos clínicos como en la población en general. El Patient Health Questionnaire-4 es el instrumento de acceso libre más utilizado para evaluar la ansiedad y depresión tanto en entornos clínicos como comunitarios.  Objetivo:  El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las evidencias psicométricas del Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4)  Método:  Participaron 1015 individuos peruanos entre 18 y 69 años (M=26.4, DE=9.93, 58.6% mujeres) que experimentaron la muerte de un ser querido. Se utilizaron técnicas derivadas de la Teoría Clásica de los Test y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT).  Resultados:  Se probaron tres modelos: unidimensional (CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.075), el de dos factores (CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000) y el modelo bifactor el cual no convergió. El modelo de dos factores fue el que más se aproximó a un modelo perfecto. La confiabilidad, evaluada mediante el coeficiente omega, fue adecuada tanto para el modelo unidimensional (&#969; = 0.88) como para el de dos factores (&#969;ansiedad = 0.83; &#969;depresión = 0.78). El análisis por IRT indicó que, los ítems del PHQ-4 son adecuados indicadores que pueden discriminar entre quienes presentan o no los rasgos de ansiedad y depresión. Respecto a la relación entre el PHQ-4 y el duelo pandémico, tanto el modelo unidimensional (como el de dos factores demostraron índices de ajuste adecuados. Se demostró que el modelo unidimensional y el de dos factores son invariantes según el género y la edad.  Conclusión:  A pesar de que el modelo de un factor y dos factores correlacionados muestran adecuados índices de ajuste, el segundo tuvo un mejor ajuste. Además, este modelo presentó adecuada fiabilidad, discriminación y relación significativa con el duelo disfuncional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Worldwide, anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders, both in clinical settings and in the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 is the most widely used open access instrument to assess anxiety and depression in both clinical and community settings.  Objective:  The study aims to evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Method: 1015 Peruvian individuals between 18 and 69 years old (M=26.4, SD=9.93, 58.6% women) who experienced the death of a loved one participated. Techniques derived from Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were used.  Results:  Three models were tested: one-dimensional (CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.075), the two-factor model (CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000) and the bifactor model which did not converge. The two-factor model was the one that came closest to a perfect model. Reliability, evaluated using the omega coefficient, was adequate for both the unidimensional model (&#969; = 0.88) and the two-factor model (&#969; anxiety = 0.83; &#969; depression = 0.78). The IRT analysis indicated that the PHQ-4 items are adequate indicators that can discriminate between those who do or do not present the traits of anxiety and depression. Regarding the relationship between the PHQ-4 and pandemic grief, both the unidimensional model and the two-factor model demonstrated appropriate fit indices. It was shown that the one-dimensional and two-factor models are invariant according to gender and age.  Conclusion:  Although the one-factor model and two correlated factors show adequate fit indices, the second had a better fit. Furthermore, this model presented adequate reliability, discrimination and a significant relationship with dysfunctional grief.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ansiedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[depresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PHQ-4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[psicometría.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anxiety]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[depression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PHQ-4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[psychometrics.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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