<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2414-8938</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Academo (Asunción)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acad. (Asunción)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2414-8938</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Americana ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2414-89382025000300204</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30545/academo.2025.n3.1168</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Refundación constitucional en Sudamérica: el caso fallido de Paraguay en perspectiva comparada]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Constitutional re-founding in South America: The Failed Case of Paraguay in Comparative Perspective]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Americana Escuela de Posgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>204</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2414-89382025000300204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2414-89382025000300204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2414-89382025000300204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este artículo analiza las razones por las cuales el gobierno de Fernando Lugo en Paraguay (2008-2012) no pudo llevar a cabo una refundación constitucional, a diferencia de otros outsiders en el contexto del giro a la izquierda en América del Sur, como Hugo Chávez (Venezuela), Evo Morales (Bolivia) y Rafael Correa (Ecuador). A través de un estudio de caso en perspectiva comparada, se examinan las condiciones que limitaron la viabilidad de una constituyente en Paraguay, a pesar de que se discutió la posibilidad de llevarla a cabo. El artículo demuestra que, aunque Lugo fue un outsider con rasgos similares a otros casos de América del Sur, la falta de protestas sociales fuertes limitó la posibilidad de una constituyente en Paraguay. El trabajo subraya la importancia de las protestas sociales y las dinámicas intrapartidarias en procesos constitucionales en la región.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article examines the reasons why Fernando Lugo&#8217;s government in Paraguay (2008-2012) was unable to carry out a constitutional rewrite, unlike other political outsiders in the context of South America&#8217;s leftist shift, such as Hugo Chávez (Venezuela), Evo Morales (Bolivia), and Rafael Correa (Ecuador). Through a comparative case study, it examines the conditions that limited the prospects of a constituent process in Paraguay, despite debate on its feasibility. The article demonstrates that, although Lugo was an outsider with similarities to other South American cases, he faced greater constraints than his counterparts due to the lack of strong social protests in support of a constituent assembly in Paraguay. The study underscores the importance of social mobilizations and intra-party dynamics in shaping constitutional processes in the region.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reforma constitucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[protestas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[partidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fernando Lugo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Constitutional reform]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[parties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fernando Lugo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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