<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2312-3893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2312-3893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2312-38932024000100042</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2024.e11132403</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto del entrenamiento de los músculos respiratorios sobre la mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en la unidad de cuidados intensivos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of respiratory muscle training on mortality and hospital stay in the intensive care unit]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier Eliecer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda-Salmerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe Montserrat]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Garavito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Estudios e Investigación FISICOL  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Estudios e Investigación FISICOL  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guerrero ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Estado de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Pamplona sede Cúcuta ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Norte de Santander ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2312-38932024000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2312-38932024000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2312-38932024000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  los pacientes ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) presentan desacondicionamiento que impacta en la musculatura respiratoria y por ende en la recuperación de estos.  Materiales y métodos:  se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática combinada con análisis descriptivo de cronología retrospectiva de ensayos clínicos entre 2010 a 2023 en bases de datos indexadas y basados en la Colaboración Cochrane se realizó la recopilación de datos y la selección de estudios de acuerdo con los criterios de la Declaración de PRISMA y PICO. Los críterios de inclusión y exclusión fueron enfocados en personas mayores de 18 años internadas en UCI, que realizaran entrenamiento muscular respiratorio (EMR) sin importar sus características sociodemográficas, enfermedad o su estadio. Se recopiló el tipo de población, grupos de intervención y control, duración y frecuencia de la intervención y resultados obtenidos.  Resultados:  se identificaron 1.171.143 documentos en la primera búsqueda y luego de los respectivos filtros se incluyeron 14 ensayos clínicos, en donde se implementaron EMR con dispositivos de carga de umbral inspiratoria y que evaluaron los parámetros fisiológicos (ventilación minuto, volumen tidal), intercambio de gases (PaO2, PaCO2), aumento del flujo inspiratorio y espiratorio máximo y presión inspiratoria máxima.  Conclusiones:  los pacientes en UCI que realizaron EMR obtuvieron una reducción en las complicaciones pulmonares, estancia y costos hospitalarios, como también en la mortalidad. Se resalta que los estudios existentes combinan el EMR con otras modalidades terapéuticas como movilizaciones, ejercicio cardiovascular y entrenamiento de fuerza.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) present deconditioning that impacts their respiratory muscles and recovery.  Materials and methods:  A systematic review combined with descriptive analysis of retrospective chronology of clinical trials between 2010 and 2023 was carried out in indexed databases. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration, data collection, and study selection were carried out according to the criteria of the PRISMA and PICO Declaration. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were focused on people over 18 years of age admitted to the ICU, who performed respiratory muscle training (RMT) regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics, disease, or stage. The type of population, intervention and control groups, duration and frequency of the intervention, and results obtained were collected.  Results:  In the first search, 1,171,143 documents were identified and after the respective filters, 14 clinical trials were included, in which RMT was implemented with inspiratory threshold loading devices, and that evaluated the physiological parameters (minute ventilation, tidal volume), gas exchange (PaO2, PaCO2), increase in maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow and maximum inspiratory pressure.  Conclusions: ICU patients who performed RMT obtained a reduction in pulmonary complications, hospital stay, and costs, as well as mortality. It is highlighted that existing studies combine RMT with other therapeutic modalities such as mobilizations, cardiovascular exercise, and strength training.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[músculos respiratorios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ejercicios respiratorios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[unidad de cuidados intensivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[complicaciones posoperatorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mortalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempo de internación.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[respiratory muscles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[breathing exercises]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intensive care unit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[postoperative complications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mortality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hospitalization time.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria ajustada por gravedad como indicadores de efectividad y eficiencia de la atención de los pacientes en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Intensiva]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
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</article>
