<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2312-3893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2312-3893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2312-38932018000200062</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2018.05(02)62-072</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empleo de los antibióticos de segunda línea para el tratamiento de la cistitis aguda no complicada de la mujer: enfoque actual]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of second-line antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated acute cystitis in women: current approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgarejo Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avalos Bogado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez Aguayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gladys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walder Encina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santa Cruz Segovia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Primera Cátedra de Clínica Médica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Hospital de Clínicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>62</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2312-38932018000200062&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2312-38932018000200062&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2312-38932018000200062&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Fundamento y objetivo:  con este estudio pretendemos identificar los antibióticos considerados de segunda línea para el uso en las infecciones de vías urinarias (IVU), específicamente en las cistitis no complicadas de la mujer. Posteriormente nos proponemos presentar la prevalencia de resistencia a los antibióticos de segunda línea de los gérmenes más frecuentemente encontrados en las IVU en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción.  Material y método: se realizó un trabajo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transverso.  Resultados: Escherichia coli presenta un resistencia inferior al 20% en promedio para la cefuroxima, que se mantiene en el lapso observado (2010 - 2017). La resistencia a la ampicilina-sulbactam de dicho germen está variando, de una resistencia elevada en los primeros años de la observación, hasta un acercamiento progresivo en los años precedentes al 30% (en promedio 34%). La resistencia a la ciprofloxacina presenta una tasa superior al 25% en los años de estudiados. En cuanto a la resistencia de Klebsiella pneumoniae a los antibióticos de segunda línea, en los últimos dos años de observación, tanto al grupo de las cefalosporinas, de la ampicilina sulbactam y la ciprofloxacina, se encontró una resistencia mayor al 30%.  Conclusiones:  los datos muestran una importante resistencia de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae aislados en los urocultivos a los antibióticos identificados como de segunda línea para el tratamiento de las cistitis no complicadas de la mujer, por lo que debe otorgársele un gran peso a los resultados de los urocultivos para la utilización apropiada de estos antibióticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background and objective:  With this study we intended to identify the second-line antibiotics to be used in urinary tract infections (UTI), specifically in uncomplicated cystitis of women. Later, we proposed to present the prevalence of resistance to the second-line antibiotics of the germs most frequently found in the UTI in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción.  Material and method:  An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out.  Results: Escherichia coli has a resistance to cefuroxine lower than 20% on average, which was maintained in the observed period (2010-2017). The resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam of this germ is varying, from a high resistance in the first years of the observation to a progressive approach to 30% in the preceding years (on average 34%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin presents a rate higher than 25% in the studied years. Regarding the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the second-line antibiotics, a resistance greater than 30% was found for the group of cephalosporins, ampicillin sulbactam and ciprofloxacin in the last two years of observation.  Conclusions:  The data show an important resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in urine cultures to the second-line antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women. Therefore, a great weight should be given to the results of the urine cultures for the proper use of these antibiotics.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cistitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia Coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[quinolonas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacorresistencia microbiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infecciones urinarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacorresistencia bacteriana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cystitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quinolones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microbial drug resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urinary tract infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bacterial drug resistance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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