<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2307-3349</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de salud publica del Paraguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. salud publica Parag.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2307-3349</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD - MSP Y BS]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2307-33492019000100009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rspp.2019.junio.9-18</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Monitoreo comunitario para la vigilancia de exposición al uso de plaguicidas en Paraguay, Año 2018.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Community monitoring for the surveillance of exposure to the use of pesticides in Paraguay 2018.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bóveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hebe González de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social Dirección General de Información Estratégica en Salud (DIGIES) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social Dirección de Salud Ambiental (DIGESA) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,ALTERVIDA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2307-33492019000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2307-33492019000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2307-33492019000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Dentro del Proyecto CONACYT &#8220;Construyendo estándares socioambientales y de salud pública con el sector primario para incremento de la competitividad en los mercados PIN15-1103. CONACYT/ALTER VIDA&#8221; se aplicó un Cuestionario de Monitoreo Comunitario para la exposición y posibles impactos a la salud por el uso de plaguicidas; el objetivo de este artículo es validar el cuestionario de monitoreo comunitario y presentar los datos del trabajo de campo. El diseño del estudio fue observacional y descriptivo, se tomaron dos comunidades dedicadas a la producción agrícola, una en Caaguazú y otra en San Pedro. El muestro fue no probabilístico por bola de nieve comprendiendo a aquellos expuestos a plaguicidas en ambos distritos seleccionados, con una distancia máxima 1 kilómetro a los cultivos o plantaciones. Las variables analizadas incluyeron datos de filiación, uso y exposición de los agroquímicos, uso de equipos de protección individual, gestión de los residuos de plaguicidas, capacitación, salud. También se aplicó el alfa de Cronbach para estudiar la confiabilidad del instrumento. Todos los análisis fueron hechos con SPSS 25. Como conclusión, se ha detectado que la gestión en el uso de los agroquímicos en la población analizada debe ser reforzada en varios ejes, desde la capacitación, gestión en el uso, la disposición final, entre otras. El instrumento tiene buena consistencia y fiabilidad interna.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Within the CONACYT Project "Building socio-environmental and public health standards with the primary sector to increase competitiveness in the markets PIN15-1103.CONACYT/ALTER VIDA&#8221; a Community Monitoring Questionnaire was applied for the exhibition and possible impacts on health for the use of pesticides, the objective of this article is to validate the community monitoring questionnaire and present the data of the field work. The design of the study was observational and descriptive, taking two communities dedicated to agricultural production, one in Caaguazú and the other in San Pedro. The sampling was not probabilistic by snowball comprising those exposed to pesticides in both selected districts, with a maximum distance of 1 kilometre to crops or plantations. The variables analyzed include filiation&#8217;s data, use and exposure of agrochemicals, use of personal protection equipment, and management of pesticide residues, training, and health. Cronbach's alpha was also applied to study the reliability of the instrument. All analyzes were done with SPSS 25. In conclusion, it has been detected that the management in the use of agrochemicals in the analyzed population must be reinforced in several areas, from training, management in use, final disposal, among others. The instrument has good internal consistency.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exposición ocupacional a agroquímicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impactos a la salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[occupational exposure to agrochemicals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health impacts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Central del Paraguay</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe económico]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Capeco</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Listado de productores y exportadores mundiales de soja.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ultima Hora</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ultima Hora</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura, comercio e industria, los pilares de la economía en 2018]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waggoner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mortality in The Agricultural Health Study 1993-2007]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of the effect of occupational exposure to glyphosate on hepatorenal function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>615-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapbamrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A longitudinal follow-up study of oxidative stress and DNA damage among farmers exposed to pesticide mixtures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Sci Pollut Res Int]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental toxicants and the developing immune system: a missing link in the global battle against infectious disease?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reprod. Toxicol.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>327-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mnif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouaziz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartegi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Res. Public Health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2265&#8208;30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAllister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhurandhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aronne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biggio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boggiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisenmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elobeid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontaine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gluckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katzmarzyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietrobelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waterland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ten putative contributors to the obesity epidemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>868-913</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hitti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agricultural&#8208;related chemical exposures, season of conception, and risk of gastroschisis in Washington State]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>202</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>241-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seneff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nigh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Glyphosate and Anencephaly: Death by A Thousand Cuts.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurol Neurobiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillezeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The evidence of human exposure toglyphosate: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Health]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Oficina de Comunicaciones y Administración</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Red de acción de Pesticidas Internacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Pan Asia Pacific. Handbook For Community Based Pesticide Action Monitoring, Corporate Accountability And International Advocacy:</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pesticide And Community Health.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DIGIES.MSPBS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SIGEC. Sistema Georreferenciado de evaluación de afecciones a la salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aproximación al uso del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de psiquiatría]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>004</volume>
<page-range>572-80</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cronbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lee J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychometrika]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>297-334</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
