<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2222-145X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Reportes científicos de la FACEN]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rep. cient. FACEN]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2222-145X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2222-145X2025000200044</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rcfacen.2025.16.2.044</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enfrentando las publicaciones depredadoras: impactos y desafíos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Addressing predatory publishing: impacts and challenges]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita Celinda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Candia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nidia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mereles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edher Zacarias]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez Gaona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Alegría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad San Carlos Dirección de Postgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas Mycology Investigation and Safety Team]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>44</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2222-145X2025000200044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2222-145X2025000200044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2222-145X2025000200044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El alto ritmo de crecimiento de las publicaciones académicas ha estado acompañado por el auge de revistas depredadoras y conferencias engañosas, las cuales amenazan la integridad de la investigación al priorizar el lucro sobre la revisión por pares rigurosa y los estándares editoriales. Nuestro estudio examina las características e impactos de las publicaciones depredadoras, destacando los desafíos en la definición e identificación de este tipo de publicaciones debido a sus similitudes con publicaciones legítimas. Se explora la influencia de los modelos de acceso abierto y la vulnerabilidad de los investigadores ante prácticas depredadoras. El análisis aborda aspectos operativos como la composición del comité editorial, las discrepancias en la revisión por pares, las tácticas de captación y los indicadores engañosos, así como dimensiones tecnológicas, incluyendo el uso de inteligencia artificial para la generación de manuscritos y decisiones editoriales automatizadas. Se evalúan críticamente las limitaciones de las listas negras y blancas, junto con soluciones emergentes que involucran tecnología blockchain y herramientas de detección basadas en inteligencia artificial. Este trabajo presenta una visión crítica que busca informar más que estigmatizar, integrando perspectivas y evidencia actual.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The high growth rate of academic publishing has been accompanied by the rise of predatory journals and deceptive conferences, which threaten research integrity by prioritizing profit over rigorous peer review and editorial standards. Our study examines the characteristics and impacts of predatory publishing, highlighting the challenges in defining and identifying such journals due to their overlapping features with legitimate journals. It explores the influence of open-access models and researchers' vulnerability to predatory practices. The analysis addresses operational features, such as editorial board composition, peer review discrepancies, solicitation tactics, misleading metrics, technological dimensions, including the exploitation of artificial intelligence for manuscript generation and automated editorial decisions. The limitations of blacklists and whitelists are critically evaluated, along with emerging solutions involving blockchain technology and artificial intelligence-driven detection tools. This work presents a critical overview which aims to inform rather than stigmatize, by integrating perspectives and current evidence.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[academic publishing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[peer review]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artificial intelligence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[predatory journals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[publicación académica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[revision por pares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inteligencia artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[revistas depredadoras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdoul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tubach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gottot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durand-Zaleski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alberti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Peer review of grant applications: Criteria used and qualitative study of reviewer practices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akça]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akbulut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are predatory journals contaminating science? An analysis on the Cabells&#8217; Predatory Report.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Academic Librarianship]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Anonymous</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Stop trying to spot predatory journals]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ethical Publishing ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Anonymous</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Writing is thinking]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Reviews Bioengineering]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhagat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory publications-Recognize and avoid.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Journal of Ophthalmology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Björk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open access versus subscription journals: A comparison of scientific impact.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medicine]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>73</numero>
<issue>73</issue>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothfus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goudreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A descriptive study found low prevalence of presumed predatory publications in a subset of Cochrane reviews.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<page-range>316-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandts-Longtin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunleavy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grudniewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lhoest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricketts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thirion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the impact of predatory journals on policy and guidance documents: A cross-sectional study protocol.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buitrago-Ciro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pedagogical strategy for scholarly communication literacy and avoiding deceptive publishing practices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Librarianship and Information Science]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1028-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dasgupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory journals: What the researchers and authors should know.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>470-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pseudo-journals and pseudo-conferences: The characteristics and preventive measures.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Korean Neurological Association]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>289-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skidmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmadzai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grudniewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is a predatory journal? A scoping review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[F1000Research]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1001</numero>
<issue>1001</issue>
<page-range>30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Govender]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Greetings from your predatory journal! What they are, why they are a problem, how to spot and avoid them.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>245-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cukier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grudniewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining predatory journals and responding to the threat they pose: A modified Delphi consensus process.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>e035561</numero>
<issue>e035561</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dadkhah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianciardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ranking predatory journals; Solve the problem instead of removing it!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[easyPubMed: Search and retrieve scientific publication records from PubMed Dataset]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The R Foundation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the impact of misinformation by predatory journals on academic integrity.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Serials Librarian]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[reliable]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[How]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[useful is Cabell&#8217;s blacklist?]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A data-driven analysis.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[LIBER Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On (conflating) predatory journals and predatory practices: Presenting the tool &#8216;Compass to Publish&#8217; and the (im)possible scalability debate.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eshchanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abduraimov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibragimova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eshchanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficiency of &#8220;Publish or Perish&#8221; policy- Some considerations based on the Uzbekistan experience.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Publications]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>33</numero>
<issue>33</issue>
<page-range>20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senseney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCullough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding the needs of scholars in a contemporary publishing environment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deriu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendieta-Zerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dadkhah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshpande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cifuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Negative effects of &#8220;predatory&#8221; journals on global health research.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Global Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>584-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frandsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why do researchers decide to publish in questionable journals? A review of the literature.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Learned Publishing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The history and meaning of the journal impact factor.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>295</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>90-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scientists hide messages in papers to game AI peer review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>626</volume>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godskesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eriksson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabrielsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory conferences: A systematic scoping review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>e062425</numero>
<issue>e062425</issue>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grames]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stillman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tingley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elphick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An automated approach to identifying search terms for systematic reviews using keyword co&#8208;occurrence networks.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Methods in Ecology and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1645-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ChatGPT &#8220;contamination&#8221;: Estimating the prevalence of LLMs in the scholarly literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[arXiv]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>2403</volume>
<numero>16887</numero>
<issue>16887</issue>
<page-range>12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grygoruk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open Data in Scientific Communication.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Folia Forestalia Polonica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>192-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibrahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elhag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elnour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel- Razig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harhara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical Resident Awareness of Predatory Journal Practices in an International Medical Education System.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Education Online]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iyengar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaishya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Article processing charge may be a barrier to publishing.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>14-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakamad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mustafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lists of predatory journals and publishers: A review for future refinement.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Science Editing]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kendall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are open access fees a good use of taxpayers&#8217; money?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quantitative Science Studies]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>264-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kratochvíl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sebera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kori&#357;áková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of untrustworthy journals: Transition from formal criteria to a complex view.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Learned Publishing]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>308-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identifying predatory or pseudo-journals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochemia Medica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>285-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Peering into the dark corners of knowledge synthesis to understand the influence of predatory journals on systematic reviews.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<page-range>295-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence and the death of the academic author.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Teacher]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1563-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mastorakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ntalianis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulucea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Blockchain-Based Framework for Indexing Academic Publications and Identifying Predatory Journals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Education and Learning Systems]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>6-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tardif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Sage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Invitations received from potential predatory publishers and fraudulent conferences: A 12-month early-career researcher experience.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Postgraduate Medical Journal]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>1108</numero>
<issue>1108</issue>
<page-range>104-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inouye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problematizing &#8216;predatory publishing&#8217;: A systematic review of factors shaping publishing motives, decisions, and experiences.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Learned Publishing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>89-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring contextual citation impact of scientific journals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Informetrics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>265-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moussa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contamination by citations: References to predatory journals in the peer-reviewed marketing literature.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[South Asian Journal of Marketing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naddaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AI linked to explosion of low-quality biomedical research papers.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>641</volume>
<numero>8065</numero>
<issue>8065</issue>
<page-range>1080-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oladokun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orubebe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogunjimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Awareness and Perceptions of Predatory Journals among LIS Scholars in Nigerian Universities: Factors, Rationale, and Challenges in Journal Selection.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Serials Librarian]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skidmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dealing with predatory journal articles captured in systematic reviews.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Systematic Reviews]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>175</numero>
<issue>175</issue>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richtig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richtig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Böhm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bozorgmehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kruger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiesewetter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zielinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berghoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Awareness of predatory journals and open access among medical oncologists: Results of an online survey.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ESMO Open]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identifying predatory journals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Dental Journal]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>235</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>449</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The digital erosion of intellectual integrity: Why misuse of generative AI is worse than plagiarism.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AI &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>5819-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory publishing practices: What researchers should know before submitting their manuscript.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Insights: The UKSG Journal]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naudet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ICMJE should create a certification system to identify predatory journals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Medical Association]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>334</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh-Chawla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hundreds of &#8216;predatory&#8217; journals indexed on leading scholarly database.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>d41586</volume>
<numero>021</numero>
<issue>021</issue>
<page-range>00239-0</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. S.D.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadanovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhyppolito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.P.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[One year of unsolicited e-mails: The modus operandi of predatory journals and publishers.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>103618</numero>
<issue>103618</issue>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Springer Nature</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Transformative journals Open science]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Nature]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sureda-Negre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo-Sastre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas-Forgas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory journals and publishers: Characteristics and impact of academic spam to researchers in educational sciences.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Learned Publishing]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>441-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravindran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory journals: How to recognise and keep clear!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>232-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation in journal website characterization by an AI-driven &#8220;predatory&#8221; journal detector.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Systems with Applications]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>283</volume>
<page-range>127933</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunleavy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moradzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eykens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A credit-like rating system to determine the legitimacy of scientific journals and publishers.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>8589-616</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsigaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moussa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are most FT50 journals truly &#8220;suspected predatory&#8221;, or has an AI-driven &#8220;predatory&#8221; journal detector erred in its classification?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thelwall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In which fields can ChatGPT detect journal article quality? An evaluation of REF2021 results (Version 1).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[arXiv]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>2409</volume>
<numero>16695</numero>
<issue>16695</issue>
<page-range>27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomlinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predatory publishing in medical education: A rapid scoping review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungerfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Publish or perish: The trap of predatory and illegitimate journals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agrociencia Uruguay]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>e1612</numero>
<issue>e1612</issue>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vadhera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veloso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trasolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gursoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chahla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open access articles garner increased social media attention and citation rates compared with subscription access research articles: An altmetrics-based analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Sports Medicine]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>3690-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van-Noorden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Journals with high rates of suspicious papers flagged by science-integrity start-up]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>634</volume>
<numero>8036</numero>
<issue>8036</issue>
<page-range>1023-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are the works that cite Beall&#8217;s List accounting journals comparable to those that cite Scopus journals of similar citation impact?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aslib Journal of Information Management]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>844-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burrall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open access medical journals: Benefits and challenges.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinics in Dermatology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>52-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A measure to quantify predatory publishing is urgently needed.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Accountability in Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>79-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are we there yet? Revealing the risks of utilizing large language models in scholarly peer review (Version 1).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[arXiv]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>2412</volume>
<numero>01708</numero>
<issue>01708</issue>
<page-range>27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeo-Teh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wilfully submitting to and publishing in predatory journals-A covert form of research misconduct?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochemia Medica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>395-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The future of reviews writing in the AI era.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Reviews Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>495-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
