<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2076-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Población y Desarrollo ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Poblac.Desarro.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2076-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS- UNA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2076-054X2016004300013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2016.022(43)013-024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un análisis del gasto en educación de los hogares en Paraguay: sesgos por género, brechas por idioma, y el acceso a la educación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An analysis of household education expenditure in Paraguay: gender biases, language gaps, and access to education]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayoso de Ervin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lyliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ervin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría Técnica de Planificación(STP)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Desarrollo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2076-054X2016004300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2076-054X2016004300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2076-054X2016004300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Las desigualdades en el rendimiento educativo en Paraguay por diferencias geográficas, género e idioma han sido bien documentadas. Pero poco se sabe sobre el patrón de gasto en educación de los hogares en Paraguay. Utilizando la Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos 2011/2012, este estudio investiga los sesgos de género en la asignación del gasto educativo en los hogares, así como también las brechas en el nivel de gasto en educación entre los hogares utilizando un marco de regresión unificado. Se especifica un modelo Working-Leser para estimar una curva de Engel que describe el gasto en educación de los hogares como función del gasto total y otras características de los hogares. No se encontró evidencia de sesgo de género en el gasto de educación de los hogares. Las brechas en el gasto en educación por idioma del hogar no son estadísticamente significativas después de controlar por los recursos del hogar y la ubicación geográfica, pero la brecha rural-urbana persiste. Las elasticidades medias del gasto educativo estima-das sugieren que la educación es un bien de lujo. Sin embargo, el modelo también sugiere que un aumento de los recursos del hogar no va a eliminar las diferencias en los gastos de educación sin mejorar también la calidad y el acceso a educación. Este es el único estudio conocido que documenta que la educación, in-dependientemente de la condición socioeconómica, es un bien de lujo en Paraguay, y que proporciona evidencia empírica de una reversión del gasto en educación pro-hombre hacia las mujeres.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Inequalities in educational achievement in Paraguay have been well-documented by geo-graphic location, gender, and language. But little is known about the pattern of household education expenditure in Paraguay. Using the 2011/2012 &#8220;Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos,&#8221; this study investigates household gender bias-es within households in allocating educational expenditure, as well as gaps between house-holds in the level of education expenditure in Paraguay using a unified regression framework. A working-Leser model is specified to estimate an Engel curve, which describes a household&#8217;s education expenditure as a function of total expenditure and other household characteris-tics. No evidence of gender bias in household education expenditure was found. Gaps in education expenditure by language spoken in the household are not statistically significant after controlling for household resources and geographic location, but the rural-urban gap in educational expenditure remains. The esti-mated total education expenditure elasticities suggest that education is a luxury good. How-ever, the model also suggests that increasing household resources alone will not eliminate gaps in educational expenditure without also improving education quality and access. This is the only known study documenting that ed-ucation, regardless of socioeconomic status, is a luxury good in Paraguay. It also provides empirical evidence that household&#8217;s may be shifting from a pro-male to a pro-female bias in education expenditure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía de la educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[curva de Engel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elasticidad de la educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estatus socioeconómico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economics of education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Engel curve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[education elasticity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socioeconomic status]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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