<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1816-8949</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Asunción)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1816-8949</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EFACIM. Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1816-89492017000200051</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/anales/2017.050(02)51-066</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resultados de urocultivos en adultos realizados por el laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital de Clínicas - San Lorenzo de enero del 2015 a agosto de 2016 y métodos de estudio de las infecciones urinarias disponibles en la institución]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Results of urine culture in adults carried out by the microbiology laboratory of the Clinics Hospital - San Lorenzo from january 2015 to august 2016 and methods of study of urinary infections available in the institution]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgarejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chírico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santa Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Clínicas Laboratorio de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Primera Cátedra de Clínica Médica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1816-89492017000200051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1816-89492017000200051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1816-89492017000200051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Los objetivos de este trabajo son: presentar los métodos de estudio de las infecciones urinarias actualmente disponibles en el Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital de Clínicas y mostrar los datos de los urocultivos evaluados en forma retrospectiva.  Materiales y Métodos:  Para estudiar los métodos de estudio de los urocultivos disponibles en el Laboratorio hemos recurrido al archivo del Laboratorio cuyos datos fueron consecutivamente cargados en una planilla de procesamiento de datos Excel de Microsoft Office ®. Los resultados de los urocultivos fueron evaluados de enero de 2015 a agosto de 2016, en forma retrospectiva, observacional, en corte transverso, de los adultos de ambos sexos. Las muestras para urocultivo son recibidas y procesadas en el laboratorio, siguiendo pasos preestablecidos.  Resultados:  El microorganismo preponderante de los urocultivos fue Escherichia coli (60% de las mujeres y 32% de los varones) seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae (19% de los varones, 14% de las mujeres). Otros microorganismos aislados fueron Candida sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumanii. La resistencia de Escherichia Coli a nitrofurantoína fue del 6% en los varones y 1% en las mujeres. La resistencia de E.Coli a meropenen fue también escasa. En cuanto a Klebsiella pneumoniae en las mujeres, la resistencia fue del 3%. En los hombres, los antibióticos testados para Klebsiella pneumoniae mostraron una resistencia superior al 30%, con excepción del meropenem. Uropatógenos productores de betalactamas de espectro extentido (BLEE) y de carbapenemasas fueron detectados en el presente estudio.  Discusión:  La toma de la orina para el urocultivo se efectúa siguiendo pautas claras, emanadas del laboratorio. Con la utilización de medios actualmente disponibles en el laboratorio, es posible tipificar el género y la especie tanto de bacterias Gram negativas y positivas como de hongos.  Conclusión:  La estructura del Laboratorio de Microbiología ha tenido avances que permiten la identificación precisa de los gérmenes de los urocultivos, así como la prevalencia y la resistencia que presentan a ciertos antibióticos. Estos aportes son particularmente útiles para los casos de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae debido a su alta prevalencia. También fue factible constatar la emergencia de gérmenes productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) y carbapenemasas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  The objectives of this work are: to present the methods of study of urinary infections currently available in the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Hospital de Clínicas and to show the data of the urine cultures evaluated retrospectively.  Material and method:  in order to study the available methods in urine cultures in the Laboratory, we have used the laboratory file whose data were consecutively loaded in an Excel data processing form of Microsoft Office ®. The results of the urine cultures were evaluated from January 2015 to August 2016, in a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of adults of both sexes. Samples for urine culture are received and processed in the laboratory, following pre-established steps.  Results:  The predominant microorganisms were Escherichia coli in 60% of women and 32%of men, Klebsiella pneumonia 19% of men and 14% of women. Other isolated organisms were Candida sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Escherichia coli resistance to nitrofurantoin was seen in 6% of men and 1% of women and meropenem resistance to E. coli was also low. As for Klebsiella pneumoniae in women, resistance to meropenem was seen in 3% of cases. In men, the antibiotics tested for Klebsiella pneumoniae showed resistance greater than 30% except for meropenem. Uropathogens producing Extended-Spectrum (-lactamase (ESBL ) and Carbapenemase were found.  Discussion:  Urine collection for urine culture is done following clear guidelines emanating from the laboratory. With the use of media currently available in the laboratory, it is possible to typify the genus and species of both Gram negative and positive bacteria as well as fungi.  Conclusion:  The structure of the Laboratory of Microbiology has had advances that allow the precise identification of the germs of the urine cultures, as well as the prevalence and resistance to certain antibiotics. These contributions are particularly useful for the cases of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae due to their high prevalence. It was also possible to verify the emergence of spread spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infecciones urinarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[urocultivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiras reactivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identificación bacteriana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibiograma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial susceptibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urinary tract infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urine culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dipstick test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bacterial isolation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiogram]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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