<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1812-9528</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1812-9528</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1812-95282022000200020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2022.020.02.20</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Vigilancia de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoeae aisladas en Paraguay. Año 2021]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Paraguay. Year 2021]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Myrian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgarejo-Touchet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busignani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabiola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gladys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rogelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dolly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Betania]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vivian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deili]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jazmín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarenga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Perla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Evelyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Meyer Lab Dpto. de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Previsión Social Servicio de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratorio Diaz Gill Dpto. de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio Semei S.A. Servicio de Bacteriología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Fernando de la Mora ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico Bautista Laboratorio. Área Bacteriología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Laboratorio Central del Hospital de Clínicas. Dpto. de Microbiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico La Costa Dpto. de Bacteriología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Militar Central Servicio de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Policía &#8220;Rigoberto Caballero&#8221; Laboratorio de Análisis clínicos y Bacteriológicos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Filadelfia, Laboratorio Área de Bacteriología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Boquerón ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública Instituto de Medicina Tropical Laboratorio de Microbiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Nacional de Itauguá Laboratorio, Servicio de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Itauguá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A14">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud y Bienestar Social Hospital Barrio Obrero Área Bacteriología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A15">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio Italiano Área Bacteriología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A16">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio Migone Battillana Dpto. de Bacteriología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A17">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratorio Analiza Sección Microbiología Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A18">
<institution><![CDATA[,SPS Laboratorio Dpto. de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A19">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario  Área Microbiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A20">
<institution><![CDATA[,MicroLab, Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Capiatá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1812-95282022000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1812-95282022000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1812-95282022000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) es el agente causal de la gonorrea, infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) que corresponde a la segunda causa más frecuente de ITS a nivel mundial, provocando una alta morbilidad y costo en atención de salud. En las últimas décadas han aumentado los reportes a nivel mundial de cepas resistentes a penicilina, sulfonamidas, tetraciclina, macrólidos y fluoroquinolonas, y más recientemente a azitromicina y cefalosporinas de espectro extendido como ceftriaxona y cefixima. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos en cepas de N. gonorrhoeae que fueron enviadas al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública (LCSP), por los centros colaboradores de la Red de Vigilancia Laboratorial de la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (RAM). Para ello, se realizó un estudio prospectivo de corte transversal de enero a diciembre de 2021. Se caracterizaron 128 cepas como N. gonorrhoeae a las cuales se le realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad obteniéndose 48% de resistencia y 52% de sensibilidad intermedia a penicilina. El 70% presentó resistencia a ciprofloxacina y el 19% a tetraciclina. Se obtuvo 100% de sensibilidad a ceftriaxona y cefixima. El fenotipo de resistencia de mayor prevalencia fue QRNG, asociado con resistencia a ciprofloxacina, seguido del fenotipo PPNG-QRNG, asociado con resistencia a penicilina y ciprofloxacina. Ante estos hallazgos y frente a la emergencia mundial de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, especialmente de cefalosporinas de espectro extendido, se recomienda que los laboratorios de bacteriología fortalezcan la vigilancia para apoyar la detección de casos y proporcionar el tratamiento adecuado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is the causal agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is the second most common cause of STIs worldwide, causing high morbidity and cost in health care. In recent decades, reports of strains resistant to penicillin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, macrolides, and more recently to azithromycin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone and cefixime have increased worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity to antimicrobials in N. gonorrhoeae strains that were sent to the Central Laboratory of Public Health (LCSP), by the collaborating centers of the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Surveillance Network (RAM). For this, a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December, 2021. One hundred eighty strains were characterized as N. gonorrhoeae, which were subjected to sensitivity tests, obtaining 48% resistance and 52% intermediate sensitivity to penicillin while 70% presented resistance to ciprofloxacin and 19% to tetracycline. Also, 100% sensitivity to ceftriaxone and cefixime was obtained. The most prevalent resistance phenotype was QRNG, associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin, followed by the PPNG-QRNG phenotype, associated with resistance to penicillin and ciprofloxacin. Given these findings and the global emergence of antimicrobial resistance, especially extended-spectrum cephalosporins, it is recommended that bacteriology laboratories fortify surveillance to support case detection and provide appropriate treatment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N. gonorrhoeae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a los antimicrobianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vigilancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[N. gonorrhoeae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surveillance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<year>2021</year>
<edition>31th</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
