<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1812-9528</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1812-9528</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1812-95282019000300082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2019.017.03.82-096</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mecanismos fisiopatológicos, neurohormonales y objetivos terapéuticos en la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Physiopathological, neurohormonal and therapeutic targets in acute heart failure]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Alfonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian Osmar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Centurión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osmar Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Hospital de Clínicas División de Medicina Cardiovascular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio Metropolitano Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Fernando de la Mora ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>82</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1812-95282019000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1812-95282019000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1812-95282019000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) se define como la aparición rápida o el empeoramiento de los síntomas o signos de IC. Es una entidad potencialmente mortal que requiere evaluación y tratamiento urgentes y típicamente conlleva la hospitalización urgente. La descompensación de la insuficiencia cardiaca crónica puede ocurrir sin que existan factores desencadenantes conocidos. Se produce una disfunción endotelial que puede deberse a un desequilibrio en el medio neuro-hormonal, inflamatorio, y oxidativo en la circulación y en las células endoteliales. Se produce clínicamente hipoperfusión miocárdica, reducción del flujo coronario, disfunción isquémica, aumento de la rigidez vascular y deterioro de la distensibilidad arterial que agravan en mayor medida la lesión miocárdica. La evaluación inicial y la monitorización no invasiva continua de las funciones vitales cardiorrespiratorias son esenciales. Los diuréticos son la piedra angular del tratamiento de los pacientes con ICA y signos de sobrecarga de fluidos y congestión. La terapia de reemplazo renal se debe reservar para pacientes que no responden al tratamiento con diuréticos. Los vasodilatadores intravenosos son los segundos fármacos más utilizados en la ICA para el alivio de los síntomas; sin embargo, no existen pruebas definitivas que confirmen su efecto beneficioso. El uso de inotrópicos debería estar reservado a los pacientes con disfunción sistólica que afecta a la perfusión de órganos vitales. Los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular y otras formas de asistencia mecánica circulatoria pueden emplearse como tratamiento puente en pacientes seleccionados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Acute heart failure (AHF) is defined as the rapid onset or worsening of the symptoms or signs of heart failure. It is a potentially fatal entity that requires urgent evaluation and treatment and typically involves urgent hospitalization. Decompensation of chronic heart failure can occur without known triggers. An endothelial dysfunction occurs that may be due to an imbalance in the neuro-hormonal, inflammatory, and oxidative environment in the circulation and in the endothelial cells. Myocardial hypoperfusion is clinically produced, coronary flow reduction, ischemic dysfunction, increased vascular rigidity and deterioration of arterial compliance that aggravate myocardial injury to a greater extent. Initial evaluation and continuous non-invasive monitoring of vital cardiorespiratory functions are essential. Diuretics are the cornerstone of the treatment of patients with AHF and signs of fluid overload and congestion. Renal replacement therapy should be reserved for patients who do not respond to treatment with diuretics. Intravenous vasodilators are the second most used drugs in the AHF for the relief of symptoms; however, there is no definitive evidence to confirm its beneficial effect. The use of inotropics should be reserved for patients with systolic dysfunction that affects the perfusion of vital organs. Ventricular assist devices and other forms of mechanical circulatory assistance can be used as a bridge treatment in selected patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Insuficiencia cardiaca aguda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fisiopatológía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo terapéutico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acute heart failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pathophysiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[therapeutic management]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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