<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1683-9803</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatría (Asunción)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatr. (Asunción)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1683-9803</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1683-98032026000100086</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31698/ped.53012026011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia de factores socioambientales en pacientes de 12 a 60 meses hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Estudio ambispectivo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of socio-environmental factors in patients aged 12 to 60 months hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Ambispective study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta Benitez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miriam María Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesquita Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mirta Noemi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>86</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1683-98032026000100086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1683-98032026000100086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1683-98032026000100086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: De acuerdo con la OMS, en las últimas décadas las enfermedades infantiles relacionadas con condiciones de vida insalubres se han incrementado.  Objetivo  describir la prevalencia de los factores socioambientales asociados a la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes de 12 a 60 meses hospitalizados en un hospital pediátrico, en el periodo de enero a noviembre de 2024.  Materiales y Métodos:  Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal ambispectivo. Se reviso la base de datos del HIS (Health Information System) y se realizó entrevistas telefónicas. Variables: demográficas, antecedentes de prematuridad y hospitalizaciones previas, estado vacunal, comorbilidades, lactancia materna exclusiva, (LME) estrato socioeconómico, exposición al humo y tabaco, vivienda en hacinamiento y cerca de alto tráfico vehicular. Los datos fueron analizados en SPSS, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas El comité de ética de la investigación aprobó el protocolo con consentimiento informado.  Resultados . fueron incluidos 188 pacientes con edad media de 36 meses, procedentes de áreas urbanas. Tenían antecedentes de prematuridad 14,4% y comorbilidad 11%., vivienda en hacinamiento se observó en 70,6%, exposición al humo /doméstico y ambiental 15,4% y 23,5% respectivamente., 60,7% residían a &#8804;500 m de alto tráfico vehicular,59% pertenecían a estrato medio bajo /obrero. El 58,5% tenían dosis completa de PCV13 y 50% tuvieron LME hasta 6 meses.  Conclusiones:  la prevalencia de factores socioambientales fue muy elevada y mayor que las comorbilidades. Predominaron las condiciones de contaminación del aire doméstico y ambiental, al tabaco y la cercanía a zonas de alto tráfico vehicular. La cobertura de la vacuna PCV13 fue muy baja comparando con las recomendaciones de la OMS.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: According to the WHO, childhood illnesses related to unhealthy living conditions have increased in recent decades.  Objective: To describe the prevalence of socio-environmental factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia in patients aged 12 to 60 months hospitalized in a pediatric hospital between January and November 2024.  Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, ambispective observational study. The Health Information System (HIS) database was reviewed, and telephone interviews were conducted. Variables included demographics, history of prematurity and previous hospitalizations, vaccination status, comorbidities, exclusive breastfeeding, socioeconomic status, exposure to smoke and tobacco, and living in overcrowded conditions and near high-traffic areas. Data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics. The research ethics committee approved the protocol with informed consent.  Results:  188 patients with a mean age of 36 months from urban areas were included. They had a history of prematurity (14.4%) and comorbidity (11%). Overcrowded housing was observed in 70.6%, and exposure to domestic and environmental smoke was observed in 15.4% and 23.5%, respectively. 60.7% resided &#8804;500 m from high vehicular traffic, and 59% belonged to the lower-middle/working class. 58.5% had received a full dose of PCV13, and 50% were exclusively breastfed for up to 6 months.  Conclusions:  The prevalence of socio-environmental factors was very high and greater than that of comorbidities. Domestic and environmental air pollution, tobacco smoke, and proximity to high vehicular traffic areas predominated. PCV13 vaccine coverage was very low comparing with the WHO recommendations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores socioambientales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comorbilidades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hospitalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Community-acquired pneumonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socio-environmental factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comorbidities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hospitalization]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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