<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1683-9803</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatría (Asunción)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatr. (Asunción)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1683-9803</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1683-98032022000100046</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31698/ped.49012022007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de neumonía asociada al ventilador: un estudio de casos y controles]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a case-control study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naveda Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar Eugenio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Pediatría &#8220;Dr. Agustín Zubillaga&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>46</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1683-98032022000100046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1683-98032022000100046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1683-98032022000100046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La neumonía asociada al ventilador (NAV) es la segunda infección más común adquirida en los hospitales, después de la infección del torrente sanguíneo, y está asociada a una alta mortalidad e involucra, un alto impacto en la carga económica de la atención médica de estos pacientes.  Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo para NAV en niños críticamente enfermos.  Materiales y Métodos:  Estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital Universitario de Pediatría &#8220;Dr. Agustín Zubillaga&#8221; (Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela), entre 2017 y 2019. Regresión logística binaria.  Resultados:  Un total de 172 niños ventilados mecánicamente fueron incluidos en el análisis. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria se identificaron como predictores independientes para el desarrollo de NAV: Sobrecarga hídrica (OR=5,537; IC95%: 1,903 - 16,113; p = 0,002), supresor de acidez gástrica (OR=5,360; IC95%: 1,584 - 18,136; p = 0,007), nutrición enteral (OR=2,354; IC95%: 1,079 - 5,136; p = 0,032), reintubación (OR=4,423; IC95%: 1,821 - 10,743; p = 0,001) y recibir más de dos transfusiones de glóbulos rojos (OR=2,267; IC95%: 1,002 - 5,127; p = 0,049). Además, los casos con NAV presentaron más días en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) (7,5 ± 3,5 vs. 10,8 ± 4,6 días; p &lt; 0,0001), mayor tiempo de duración total de ventilación mecánica (4,4 ± 2,3 vs. 7,3 ± 3,8; p &lt; 0,0001) y mayor mortalidad en UCI (10,9% vs. 34,9%; p &lt; 0,0001).  Conclusión:  La sobrecarga hídrica, el uso de supresores de acidez gástrica, la nutrición enteral, la reintubación y recibir más de dos transfusiones de glóbulos rojos son factores de riesgo para desarrollar NAV.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common infection acquired in hospitals, after bloodstream infection, and is associated with high mortality and involves a high impact on the economic burden of medical care. of these patients.  Objective: To identify risk factors for VAP in critically-ill children.  Materials and Methods:  This was a case-control study carried out at the &#8220;Dr. Agustín Zubillaga&#8221; University Hospital (Barquisimeto, Lara State, Venezuela), between 2017 and 2019. We used binary logistic regression.  Results: A total of 172 mechanically ventilated children were included in the analysis. Using a binary logistic regression model, the following were identified as independent predictors for the development of VAP: Fluid overload (OR=5.537; 95% CI: 1.903 - 16.113; p = 0.002), gastric acidity suppression (OR=5.360; 95% CI: 1.584 - 18.136; p = 0.007), enteral nutrition (OR=2.354; 95% CI: 1.079 - 5.136; p = 0.032), reintubation (OR=4.423; 95% CI: 1.821 - 10.743; p = 0.001) and receiving more than two transfusions of red blood cells (OR=2.267; 95% CI: 1.002 - 5.127; p = 0.049). In addition, the cases with VAP presented longer length-of-stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) (7.5 ± 3.5 vs. 10.8 ± 4.6 days; p &lt; 0.0001), a longer total duration of mechanical ventilation (4.4 ± 2.3 vs. 7.3 ± 3.8; p &lt; 0.0001) and higher mortality in the ICU (10.9% vs. 34.9%; p &lt; 0.0001).  Conclusion:  Fluid overload, the use of gastric acidity suppressants, enteral nutrition, reintubation and receiving more than two red blood cell transfusions are risk factors for developing VAP.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neumonía asociada al ventilador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación mecánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ventilator-associated pneumonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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