<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2708-0412</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista científica en ciencias sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cient. cienc. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2708-0412</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2708-04122025000100110</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53732/rccsociales/e701202</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La exportación del modelo de vigilancia chino: inteligencia artificial, crédito social y el impacto en la seguridad global y los derechos humanos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Exportation of the People&#8217;s Republic of China&#8217;s Surveillance Model: Artificial Intelligence, Social Credit, and its impact on Global Security and Human Rights]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Chumpitaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abarca Del Carpio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola Facultad de Derecho, Carrera de Relaciones Internacionales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>110</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2708-04122025000100110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2708-04122025000100110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2708-04122025000100110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este estudio examinó la consolidación y expansión internacional del modelo de vigilancia digital promovido por la República Popular China (RPC), basado en inteligencia artificial (IA) y el Sistema de Crédito Social (SCS). Se aplicó un enfoque metodológico mixto que combinó análisis documental de marcos regulatorios y tecnologías con una modelación cuantitativa mediante el Índice de Control Estatal (ICE), herramienta matemática de formulación lineal. El ICE permitió evaluar la relación entre percepción de seguridad, despliegue tecnológico y restricciones a derechos fundamentales en regímenes autoritarios y semi-autoritarios. Los resultados identificaron patrones de difusión autoritaria a través de infraestructura digital, acuerdos interestatales y transferencia de normas. Se observó una expansión sostenida de dispositivos de control algorítmico en contextos institucionales frágiles, con especial énfasis en América Latina, donde el equilibrio entre seguridad y libertad ha sido históricamente inestable. La vigilancia digital se consolidó en ausencia de marcos regulatorios sólidos, transformando la ciudadanía en un objeto de monitoreo permanente y deslegitimando el disenso como desviación estadística. Este patrón compromete la autonomía individual y debilita los fundamentos democráticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This study examined the consolidation and international expansion of the digital surveillance model promoted by the People&#8217;s Republic of China (PRC), built on artificial intelligence (AI) and the Social Credit System (SCS). A mixed-methods approach combined documentary analysis of regulatory frameworks and technologies with quantitative modelling through the State Control Index (SCI), a linear mathematical tool. The SCI assessed the relationship between perceived security, technological deployment, and restrictions on fundamental rights across authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes. The findings revealed patterns of authoritarian diffusion via digital infrastructure, interstate agreements, and regulatory transfer. A steady expansion of algorithmic control was observed in fragile institutional contexts, particularly in Latin America, where the security-liberty balance has been historically unstable. In such settings, surveillance systems advanced without solid legal safeguards, reframing citizenship as an object of permanent monitoring and treating dissent as a statistical deviation. This trend undermines individual autonomy and weakens democratic stability.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Seguridad internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derechos humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inteligencia artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vigilancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernanza de internet]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[protección de datos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[International security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human rights]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artificial intelligence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surveillance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[internet governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[data protection]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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