<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2664-2891</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista científica ciencias de la salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cient. cienc. salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2664-2891</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2664-28912025000100301</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53732/rccsalud/2025.e7301</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pacientes estandarizados: clave para el aprendizaje clínico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Standard patients: key to clinical learning in medicine]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima Ayala de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelson López]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Pacífico Facultad de Ciencias Médicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2664-28912025000100301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2664-28912025000100301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2664-28912025000100301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este artículo de revisión sintetiza la literatura sobre el uso de pacientes estandarizados (PE) en la educación médica. El objetivo es sintetizar la evidencia existente sobre el impacto de los PE en el aprendizaje clínico, identificar las mejores prácticas en su uso y explorar su validez como herramientas de evaluación en la educación médica. Los PE son individuos entrenados para simular de manera precisa y consistente a pacientes reales, proporcionando un entorno controlado para el aprendizaje y la evaluación de habilidades clínicas. Sus aplicaciones son diversas, abarcando desde el entrenamiento de estudiantes de medicina hasta la evaluación de estándares de atención en la práctica clínica e investigación en informática de la salud. El uso de PE presenta ventajas significativas en términos de estandarización, flexibilidad temporal, seguridad y eficiencia, permitiendo la práctica de habilidades complejas y la evaluación objetiva del desempeño. Sin embargo, su implementación conlleva desafíos, como los costos y el tiempo requeridos para la contratación y el entrenamiento de alta calidad, así como limitaciones en la simulación de todos los aspectos de la experiencia real del paciente. En conclusión, los pacientes estandarizados son una herramienta valiosa y complementaria en la educación médica, facilitando la adquisición de competencias clínicas y la evaluación del desempeño, sin pretender reemplazar la interacción con pacientes reales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This review article synthesizes the literature on the use of standardized patients (SPs) in medical education. The goal is to synthesize the existing evidence on the impact of SPs on clinical learning, identify best practices in their use, and explore their validity as assessment tools in medical education. SPs are individuals trained to accurately and consistently simulate real patients, providing a controlled environment for learning and assessing clinical skills. Their applications are diverse, ranging from training medical students to evaluating standards of care in clinical practice and research in health informatics. The use of SPs presents significant advantages in terms of standardization, temporal flexibility, safety, and efficiency, allowing for the practice of complex skills and the objective evaluation of performance. However, their implementation involves challenges, such as the costs and time required for high-quality recruitment and training, as well as limitations in simulating all aspects of real patient experience. In conclusion, standardized patients are a valuable and complementary tool in medical education, facilitating the acquisition of clinical competencies and performance evaluation, without intending to replace interaction with real patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paciente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[simulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[patient]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[simulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[learning]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cushing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiences of simulated patients in providing feedback in communication skills teaching for undergraduate medical students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>339</numero>
<issue>339</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de pacientes estandarizados en educación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Educ. Cienc. Salud.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>102-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrows]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulated patients in medical teaching]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can Med Assoc J]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>674-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrows]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrahamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The programmed patient: A technique for appraising student performance in clinical neurology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Educ]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>802-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gammon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hölzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cathy Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Association of Standardized Patient Educators (ASPE) Standards of Best Practice (SOBP)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Simul (Lond)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keating]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blackstock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nestel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["It's not an acting job... don't underestimate what a simulated patient does": A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of simulated patients in health professions education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Simul Healthc]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mane Manohar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keynan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayapalli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TFA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementation of standardized patient program using local resources at Avalon School of Medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Adv Med Educ Prof]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>137-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bokken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rethans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jöbsis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duvivier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherpbier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Vleuten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instructiveness of real patients and simulated patients in undergraduate medical education: A randomized experiment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>148-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGraw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Connor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Standardized patients in the early acquisition of clinical skills]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>572-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulación clínica y seguridad de los pacientes en la educación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cienc Tecnol Innov]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>75-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rethans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Use of Simulated Patients in Medical Education: AMEE]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Teach]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>477-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stillman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technical issues: logistics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>464-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three-dimensional needs of standardized patients in nursing simulations and collaboration strategies: A qualitative analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Educ Today]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>177-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolcu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ba&#351;er Kolcu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M&#304;]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine Simulated Patient Applications within the Scope of "The ASPiH Standards 2023"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med J Süleyman Demirel Univ]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>32</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutnick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stillman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norcini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International use of standardized patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teach Learn Med]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
