<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2521-2281</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina clínica y social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. clín. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2521-2281</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Filial de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Cátedra de Socioantropología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2521-22812023000300148</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52379/mcs.v7i3.305</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022: encuesta multicéntrica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mistreatment of medical students in Paraguay in 2022: a multicenter survey]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Real-Delor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl Emilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta Torreani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elbert Yvan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Delasgracias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[León Feliciano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordón Lezcano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Encina Villagra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iara Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobeiro de la Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maidana Barboza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosana Mabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristhian Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bettina Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romina Antonieta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Privada del Este  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>148</fpage>
<lpage>154</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2521-22812023000300148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2521-22812023000300148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2521-22812023000300148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  los estudiantes de medicina son propensos a recibir maltratos de sus colegas, personal administrativo y pacientes.  Objetivo:  determinar las características del maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022.  Metodología:  se aplicó un diseño observacional, de corte transversal. Se incluyó a estudiantes de medicina, de ambos sexos, que aceptaban participar de la encuesta telemática. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas. La percepción del maltrato fue evaluada según cuatro componentes (psicológico, físico, académico y sexual) utilizando el cuestionario de Munayco-Guillén F et al, previamente validado. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay.  Resultados: el cuestionario fue contestado por 214 estudiantes, siendo 146 mujeres (edad media 24 ± 3 años) y 68 varones (edad media 25 ± 5 años). La mayoría reside en Asunción (29,4%) y asiste a universidades privadas (92%). La media ± DE del maltrato psicológico fue 1,89 ± 1,02, la del físico fue 1,64 ± 0,89, la del académico fue 2,01 ± 1,11 y la del sexual fue 1,4 ± 0,83. Aplicando puntos de corte en los percentiles 60 y 70, el maltrato fue leve en 126 estudiantes (58,9%), moderado en 24 (11,2%) y grave en 64 (29,9%). El motivo principal para no denunciarlo fue el miedo a ser señalado por los demás o recibir represalias (17,3%).  Discusión: se detectó maltrato leve en 58,9%, moderado en 11,2% y grave en 29,9% de los estudiantes de medicina. Se requiere aplicar medidas de prevención y contención de los maltratos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  medical students are prone to mistreatment from their colleagues, administrative staff, and patients.  Objective:  to determine the characteristics of the mistreatment of medical students in Paraguay in 2022.  Method:  an observational, cross-sectional design was applied. Medical students of both sexes who agreed to participate in the online survey were included. Sampling was for convenience. Demographic variables were measured. The perception of abuse was evaluated according to four components (psychological, physical, academic, and sexual) using the previously validated questionnaire by Munayco-Guillén F et al. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay.  Results:  the questionnaire was answered by 214 students, 146 being women (mean age 24 ± 3 years) and 68 men (mean age 25 ± 5 years). The majority reside in Asunción (29.4%) and attend private universities (92%). The mean ± SD of psychological abuse was 1.89 ± 1.02, physical abuse was 1.64 ± 0.89, academic abuse was 2.01 ± 1.11, and sexual abuse was 1.4 ± 0. 83. Applying cut-off points at the 60th and 70th percentiles, the abuse was mild in 126 students (58.9%), moderate in 24 (11.2%), and severe in 64 (29.9%). The main reason for not reporting it was fear of being singled out by others or receiving reprisals (17.3%).  Discussion:  mild abuse was detected in 58.9%, moderate in 11.2%, and severe in 29.9% of medical students. It is necessary to apply measures to prevent and contain abuse.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudiantes de medicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[encuestas y cuestionarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acoso sexual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[denuncia de irregularidades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medical students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surveys and questionnaires]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sexual harassment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[whistleblowing]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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