<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2413-4341</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Paraguaya de Reumatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. parag. reumatol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2413-4341</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Reumatología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2413-43412021000100007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rpr/2021.07.01.7</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Características clínico-epidemiológicas e histológicas de los pacientes con Lupus eritematoso con manifestaciones cutáneas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Clinical-epidemiological and histological characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematous with cutaneous manifestations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riveros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosalba]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Martino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatríz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mascaró Galy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Hospital de Clínicas, Cátedra de Dermatología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clinic Departamento de Dermatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2413-43412021000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2413-43412021000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2413-43412021000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: El lupus eritematoso, enfermedad inmunomediada, inflamatoria, crónica, multisistémica, con toque cutáneo en la mayoría de los casos, pudiendo la afectación cutánea preceder incluso en décadas a la sistémica, o ser un marcador de actividad. La afectación cutánea del lupus se divide en lesiones específicas e inespecíficas, según tengan o no dermatitis de interfase a la histopatología. Objetivos: General: Describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas e histopatológicas de los pacientes con lupus eritematoso con manifestaciones cutáneas que acudieron a la Cátedra de Dermatología de FCM-UNA desde enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2018. Material y método: Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Mues treo: No probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Criterios de Inclusión: Pacientes portadores de lupus eritematoso de ambos sexos y cualquier edad que acudieron al Consultorio Ex terno de la Cátedra de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas-UNA desde enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2018, portadores de lesión cutánea asociada a Lupus Eritematoso con confirmación anátomo-patológica. Fuentes de información: Pacientes que acudieron a la Cátedra de Dermatología e Historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso. Resultados: Obtuvimos preponderancia en mujeres (79%) en edad reproductiva (32,7%), procedentes de área urbana (56%), amas de casa (37,7%), con exposición solar (62%), en su mayoría múltiples lesiones (71%), localizadas en rostro (28%), correspondiendo preferentemente a lesiones específicas del lupus (68%), los cuales fueron representados por el lupus eritematoso cutáneo crónico (LECC) en 56% de las lesiones. Dentro de las lesiones inespecíficas fueron mayoría las vasculitis (38%), todos los pacientes recibieron indicación de antipalúdicos y protección solar, manejo multidisciplinario con reumatología y otros departamentos según el caso. Conclusión: Identificar de manera adecuada éstas lesiones proporciona un dato fundamental para el diagnóstico y el manejo de los pacientes lúpicos, en muchas ocasiones estas manifestaciones cutáneas y/o mucosas pueden revelar actividad sistémica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: Lupus erythematosus is an immune-mediated, inflammatory, chronic, multisystemic disease, with cutaneous involvement in most cases. Cutaneous involvement may precede systemic involvement by decades, or be a marker of activity. Cutaneous involvement of lupus is divided into specific and nonspecific lesions, depending on whether or not they have interface dermatitis on histopathology. Objectives: To describe the clinical, epidemiological and histopathological characteristics of patients with lupus erythematosus with cutaneous manifestations who attend the Department of Dermatology of FCM-UNA from January 2008 to December 2018. 2018, regardless of age, patients with SLE associated lesions confirmed by pathology. Method: Design: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. Sample: Nonprobabilistic of consecutive cases. Inclusion criteria: patients with lupus erythematosus of both sexes and any age who attended the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Dermatology of the Hospital de Clínicas-UNA from January 2008 to December 2018, with skin lesions associated with lupus erythematosus. to December 2018, carriers of skin lesions associated with Lupus Erythematosus with anatomopathological confirmation. Sources of information: patients who attended the Chair of Dermatology and clinical histories of patients diagnosed with lupus erythematosus. Results: Patients were predominantly females (79%) of reproductive age (32.7%). Most patients were from urban areas (56%) and housewives (37.7%). Sixty two percent reported sun exposure. Most patients had multiple lesions (71%), and 28% had facial lesions. Lesions were mostly lupus specific (68%), and classified a chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) (56%). Among the nonspecific lesions vasculitis was the most frequent (38%). All patients received antimalarials and sun protection recommendations. Multidisciplinary management with rheumatology and other departments according to the case was frequent. Conclusion: Adequately identifying these lesions provides fundamental data for the diagnosis and management of lupus patients; on many occasions these cutaneous and/or mucosal manifestations may reveal systemic activity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lupus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lesiones cutáneas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[específicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dermatitis de interfase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lupus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[skin lesions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[specific]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[interface dermatitis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khamashta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Font]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sebastiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>299-308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orbai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A-M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merrill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythema tosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arthritis Rheum]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2677-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edworthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zatarain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McShane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of the 1982 ARA lupus criteria data set by recursive partitioning methodology: new insights into the relative merit of individual criteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1493-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Updating the American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the letter by Hochberg]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arth ritis Rheum]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>751</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pujol-Vallverdú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones cutáneas en el lupus eritematoso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Fund Esp Reumatol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>12-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wenzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Photosensitivity, apoptosis, and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus: a critical review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Rev Allergy Immunol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>148-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsokos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smolen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Companion to Rheumatology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elsevier Health Sciences]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>602</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costenbader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining lupus cases for clinical studies: the Boston weighted criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2545-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lupus]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>829-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jimenez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Lond Engl]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>377</volume>
<numero>9767</numero>
<issue>9767</issue>
<page-range>721-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X-M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Med Sci AMS]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>872-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shvedova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yanamala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kisin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khailullin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fatkhutdinova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated Analysis of Dysregulated ncRNA and mRNA Expression Profi les in Humans Exposed to Carbon Nanotubes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iwata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[B-cell subsets, signaling and their roles in secretion of autoantibodies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lupus]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>850-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losanto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes de la cohorte Lupus Paraguay (2013-2014)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Investig En Cienc Salud]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>69-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stojan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>144-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bancroft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iorga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence and prevalence of adult systemic lupus erythematosus in a large US managed-care population.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lupus.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>99-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Housey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeGuire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyon-Callo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among Arab and Chaldean Americans in southeastern Michigan: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Public Health]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>74-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M-LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindhardsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torp-Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faurschou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1335-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winkelmayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence, incidence, and demographics of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis from 2000 to 2004 among children in the US Medicaid beneficiary population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arthritis Rheum]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2669-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adinolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabresi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tesei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Signorini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barsotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[One year in review 2016: systemic lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Exp Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>569-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaglini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trezzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raffiotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Value of a Panel of Autoantibodies for Predicting the Activity of Lupus Nephritis at Time of Renal Biopsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Immunol Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas-Larrauri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamazaki-Nakashimada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systemic lupus erythematosus: Is it one disease?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reumatol Clin]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>274-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hersh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prahalad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immunogenetics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Pediatr.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>470-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durosaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MDP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rohlinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 1965-2005: a population-based study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Dermatol.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>249-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sontheimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The lexicon of cutaneous lupus erythematosus--a review and personal perspective on the nomenclature and classification of the cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lupus.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>84-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielsa Marsol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Caruncho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manifestaciones cutáneas del lupus eritematoso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inmunología]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>100-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bijl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reefman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CGM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells after UVB challenge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Autoimmunity]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>244-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winterberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilliet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauceviciute]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rieker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultraviolet radiation-induced injury, chemokines, and leukocyte recruitment: An amplification cycle triggering cutaneous lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arthritis Rheum]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1504-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C-F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grainge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[See]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L-C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K-H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Familial Aggregation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Coaggregation of Autoimmune Diseases in Affected Families]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1518-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaufman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenotypic associations of genetic susceptibility loci in systemic lupus erythematosus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Rheum Dis]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1752-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of the interleukin-6 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lupus]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1308-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Martino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dermatitis de interfase por drogas de las formas leves a las severas. Una visión dermatopatológica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Our Dermatol Online]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drolet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galbraith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Demographic and clinical characteristics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus at a paediatric dermatology referral centre]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>428-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a distinct syndrome that is frequently unrecognized]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Acad Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>315-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Font]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mascaró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lupus erythematosus and toxic epidermal necrolysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Acad Dermatol.]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1265-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcinow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bialynicki-Birula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The lupus band test in systemic lupus erythematosus patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Clin Risk Manag]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>27-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redissi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Litaiem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lupus Pernio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stat Pearls]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island (FL) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proaño López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo Ordóñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elementos que reumatólogos y dermatólogos deberían conocer sobre el lupus eritematoso sistémico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cuba Reumatol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>150-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanaclocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento del lupus eritematoso cutáneo resistente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Fund Esp Reumatol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>77-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences between male and female systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>759-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puig Ruíz de Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dauden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La prevalencia de diez enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) en España]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
