<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2307-3349</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de salud publica del Paraguay]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. salud publica Parag.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2307-3349</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD - MSP Y BS]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2307-33492019000200058</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rspp.2019.diciembre.58-65</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Situación del diagnóstico de Queratitis Amebiana en Paraguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Status of the diagnosis of Amebic Keratitis in Paraguay]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Idalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Banco de Ojos &#8220;Fernando Oca del Valle&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>58</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2307-33492019000200058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2307-33492019000200058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2307-33492019000200058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Las amebas de vida libre (AVL) existen ampliamente distribuidas en la naturaleza, donde el género Acanthamoeba es la más frecuentemente aislada en diversos ambientes del suelo, aire y agua y está asociada a enfermedades en humanos. Su capacidad para vivir en ambientes adversos se debe a su baja demanda de alimentación y a que en su ciclo biológico tiene un estadio en forma de quiste, lo que la hace muy resistente. El hombre, como hospedero puede desarrollar infecciones en el sistema nervioso central, en la piel y los pulmones. A nivel ocular es capaz de afectar la córnea y producir queratitis. Por lo tanto es considerado un importante agente etiológico de patologías humanas. En esta revisión se aborda la biología, patogénesis y los mecanismos de defensa del ser humano frente a la infección por Acanthamoeba. Además a esto, de los factores de riesgo por el uso de lentes de contacto y malos hábitos de higiene del usuario y por último el abordaje diagnóstico microbiológico y molecular. Esta herramienta ha ido mejorando con el avance de la tecnología, indispensable para la temprana identificación y el logro de una oportuna y eficaz intervención clínica y terapéutica. Finalmente exponemos la situación actual en relación a los métodos de diagnóstico con que se cuentan y los escasos reportes clínicos existentes en Paraguay.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Free-living amoeba (FLA) exist widely in nature, where the genus Acanthamoeba is the most frequently isolated in various environments of soil, air and water. It is associated with diseases in human. Its ability to live in adverse environments is due to the low food demand and that in its biological cycle it has a cyst-shaped stage, which makes it very resistant. Man, as a host, can acquire infections in the central nervous system and in the skin and lungs. On the ocular level, it can affect the cornea and cause keratitis. Therefore, it is considered an important etiological agent of human pathologies. This review addresses the biology, pathogenesis and human defense mechanisms against Acanthamoeba infection. In addition to this, the review explores the risk factors related to the use of contact lenses and poor hygienic behavior of the users, and finally the microbiological and molecular diagnosis. This particular tool has been improved with the advancement of technology and is essential for timely identification and the achievement of a good clinical and therapeutic intervention. Finally, we present the current situation in Paraguay regarding the few existing clinical reports and the diagnostic methods available.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba sp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lentes de contacto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Queratitis.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba sp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contact lenses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Keratitis.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnóstico y tratamiento de queratitis por Acanthamoeba.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Horiz Méd.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castrillón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba spp. como parásitos patógenos y oportunistas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Chilena De Infectologia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>147-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes T dos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magnet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaccaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba spp. in Contact Lenses from Healthy Individuals from Madrid, Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padzik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staro&#347;ciak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szaflik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietruczuk-Padzik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siczek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chomicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of in vitro dynamics of pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains originating from contact lens wearers with infectious keratitis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Parasitol.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>331-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marciano-Cabral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Microbiol Rev.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>273-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walochnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An update on Acanthamoeba keratitis: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parasite Paris Fr.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>22:10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A 12-Year Experience Covering a Wide Spectrum of Presentations, Diagnoses, and Outcomes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jercic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Free living Amoeba of Acanthamoeba genus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chil Infectologia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>491-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello-Vílchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba spp. Un agente oportunista en infecciones humanas. Acanthamoeba spp. An opportunistic agent human infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Investigción Univ Norbert Wien]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>11-32.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Page FC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A new key to freshwater and soil gymnamoebae: with instructions for culture.]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<page-range>122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Case report of Acanthamoeba keratitis, its clinical isolation and successful treatment with antiseptics in the department of Quindio; and its literature review. Short Title: A case of keratitis by Acanthamoeba in Quindio.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Invest Univ Quindio]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>165-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vodkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visvesvara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLaughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of Acanthamoeba at the generic and specific levels using the polymerase chain reaction.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Protozool.]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>378-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuerst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subgenus Systematics of Acanthamoeba: Four Nuclear 18S rDNA Sequence Types.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Eukaryot Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>498-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaspar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Queratitis por Acanthamoeba sp. Reporte de caso.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[An Fac Cienc Médicas.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>44-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FEMS Microbiol Rev.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>564-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parasit Vectors]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular phylogeny of acanthamoeba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean J Parasitol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qvarnstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nerad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visvesvara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of a new pathogenic Acanthamoeba Species, A. byersi n. sp., isolated from a human with fatal amoebic encephalitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Eukaryot Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>626-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Journal of Ophthalmology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1079-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajialilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niyyati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solaymani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaeian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae Isolated From Contact Lenses of Keratitis Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iran J Parasitol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>541-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Associated factors, diagnosis and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis in a referral Center in Southern China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>175</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szentmáry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laurik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milioti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba keratitis - Clinical signs, differential diagnosis and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Curr Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho FR de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is the best therapeutic scheme for Acanthamoeba keratitis?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vis Pan-Am Pan-Am J Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>78-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coral Ghanem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coral Ghanem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bortoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comportamento e características de usuários de lentes de contato entre estudantes universitários da área de saúde]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arq Bras Oftalmol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>123-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Queratitis infecciosa no viral: factores predisponentes, agentes etiológicos y diagnóstico de laboratorio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Argent Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>229-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrochotegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrochotegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lentes de Contacto, Historia, Tipos, y Complicaciones de Uso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Médico]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>79-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panjwani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenesis of acanthamoeba keratitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocul Surf]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>70-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stapleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strategies for the prevention of contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ophthalmic Physiol Opt J Br Coll Ophthalmic Opt Optom]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>77-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anijeet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba keratitis: improving the Scottish diagnostic service for the rapid molecular detection of Acanthamoeba species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>682-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mascarenhas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalitha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prajna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srinivasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acanthamoeba, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: a comparison of risk factors and clinical features]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>56-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JWY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avadhanam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, PCR and Culture of Corneal Scrapes in the Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cornea]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>480-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niyyati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lasgerdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection and Molecular Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Free-living Amoebae from Water Sources in Kish Island, Southern Iran]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiol Insights]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walochnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheikl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haller-Schober]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E-M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twenty years of acanthamoeba diagnostics in Austria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Eukaryot Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qvarnstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visvesvara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sriram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3589-95.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Giusti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brillante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smaldone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Results of case-control studies support the association between contact lens use and Acanthamoeba keratitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>991-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Favuzza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montalbano Di Filippo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciccone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regional spread of contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis in Italy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>83-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cibils]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infectious keratitis: clinical and microbiological characteristics. 2003-2006 period]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Investig En Cienc Salud]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>05-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic utility of Gram staining for infectious keratitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Científica UCSA]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>12-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cibils]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial corneal ulcer: ethiological agents, antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Investig En Cienc Salud]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cibils]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiological characteristics of microbiological results on patients with infectious corneal ulcers: a 13-year survey in Paraguay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>242</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>204-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mino de Kaspar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giusiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Queratitis por Lasiodiplodia theobromae: comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chil Infectol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>750-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Técnicas convencionales y moleculares en la detección de Acanthamoeba sp. en líquidos de conservación de lentes de contacto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Instituto de Medicina Tropical]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>14:50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Queratitis por Acanthamoeba sp. en usuarios de lentes de contacto: Casos clínicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Instituto de Medicina Tropical]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>14:45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comportamiento de riesgo para adquirir queratitis infecciosa relacionado al uso de lentes de contacto en estudiantes universitarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Instituto de Medicina Tropical]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>14:30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
