<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2072-8174</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista del Nacional (Itauguá)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Nac. (Itauguá)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2072-8174</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hospital Nacional (Itauguá)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2072-81742026000100210</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/rdn2026.e1800110</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tendencias epidemiológicas y características de los casos de leishmaniasis visceral humana notificados en Paraguay durante 2018-2023]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Epidemiological trends and characteristics of human visceral leishmaniasis cases reported in Paraguay during 2018-2023]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarenga Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliana Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaluff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torales Ruotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nilda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Pacífico Dirección de Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social Vice Ministerio de Salud Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>210</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2072-81742026000100210&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2072-81742026000100210&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2072-81742026000100210&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: la leishmaniasis, una enfermedad tropical desatendida de alto impacto mundial, requiere investigaciones epidemiológicas para mejorar su control y reducir la mortalidad.  Objetivo: describir las tendencias epidemiológicas y las características de los casos de leishmaniasis visceral humana notificados en Paraguay durante el período 2018-2023.  Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo sobre casos de leishmaniasis visceral en Paraguay registrados entre 2018 y 2023, reportados por las regiones sanitarias al Programa Nacional de Enfermedades Vectoriales (DIVET) del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Los datos fueron analizados con Epi Info 7.2.6.0, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Se garantizó el cumplimiento de principios éticos, confidencialidad y anonimato, según la legislación paraguaya. No se requirió consentimiento informado por tratarse de datos secundarios.  Resultados: durante el período estudiado se notificaron 293 casos de leishmaniasis visceral en Paraguay. La mediana de edad fue de 35 años y predominó el sexo masculino (74,4%). Se observó una tendencia creciente en la notificación de casos, con un incremento de la incidencia nacional de 0,28 casos por 100.000 habitantes en 2018 a 1,26 casos por 100.000 habitantes en 2023. El Departamento Central concentró el mayor número absoluto de casos (50,85%), mientras que Cordillera presentó la mayor incidencia acumulada (8,36 casos por 100.000 habitantes). Los distritos con mayor número de casos dentro del departamento Central fueron Luque, Capiatá y Ñemby. La coinfección por VIH fue registrada en el 17,7% de los casos; sin embargo, se observó una elevada proporción de datos faltantes en variables clínicas. Entre los pacientes con información disponible sobre tratamiento, la anfotericina B desoxicolato fue el medicamento más utilizado (66,9%).  Conclusión: la leishmaniasis visceral mostró una tendencia ascendente en Paraguay durante 2018-2023, con una distribución heterogénea y mayor concentración de casos en áreas urbanas y periurbanas. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica, mejorar la calidad de los registros clínicos y garantizar estrategias integrales de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease with a significant global impact, requires epidemiological research to improve its control and reduce mortality.  Objective: to describe epidemiological trends and characteristics of reported human visceral leishmaniasis cases in Paraguay during the period 2018-2023.  Methodology: we conducted a descriptive, retrospective observational study on cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Paraguay recorded between 2018 and 2023, as reported by health regions to the National Health Ministry&#8217;s Vector-transmitted Diseases Program . Data were analyzed using Epi Info 7.2.6.0 with descriptive statistics. Ethical principles, confidentiality, and anonymity were ensured in accordance with Paraguayan legislation. Informed consent was not required as secondary data were used.  Results: a total of 293 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported during the study period. The median age was 35 years, with a predominance of males (74.4%). An increasing trend in case notification was observed, with national incidence rising from 0.28 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018 to 1.26 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2023. The Central Department accounted for the highest absolute number of cases (50.85%), whereas Cordillera Department showed the highest cumulative incidence (8.36 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). Luque, Capiatá, and Ñemby were the districts with the highest number of cases within the Central Department. HIV coinfection was recorded in 17.7% of cases; however, a high proportion of missing clinical data was identified. Among patients with available treatment information, deoxycholate amphotericin B was the most frequently used drug (66.9%).  Conclusion: visceral leishmaniasis showed an increasing trend in Paraguay between 2018 and 2023, with heterogeneous distribution and greater concentration of cases in urban and peri-urban areas. These findings highlight the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, improve clinical data completeness, and ensure comprehensive prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, particularly among vulnerable populations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leishmaniasis visceral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[incidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[VIH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[visceral leishmaniasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[incidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HIV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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