<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1812-9528</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1812-9528</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1812-95282019000200077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2019.017.02.77-085</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diagnóstico de endoftalmitis por método microbiológico convencional y molecular en pacientes de centros oftalmológicos de Paraguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diagnosis of endophthalmitis by molecular and conventional microbiological methods in patients from ophthalmologic centers of Paraguay]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yolanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>85</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1812-95282019000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1812-95282019000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1812-95282019000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La endoftalmitis infecciosa es una condición intraocular grave, aunque poco frecuente, que puede llevar a la pérdida de la visión. El diagnóstico etiológico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado llevan a una mejor evolución. Las técnicas microbiológicas convencionales tienen baja sensibilidad en el diagnóstico de la endoftalmitis infecciosa, en cambio la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) es un método de mayor sensibilidad que está siendo utilizado ampliamente. El objetivo fue determinar por cultivo y PCR la etiología de la endoftalmitis infecciosa en pacientes que consultaron en centros oftalmológicos de Paraguay. Se estudiaron muestras de humor vítreo obtenidas por punción de 51 pacientes con endoftalmitis. La muestra se dividió en dos alícuotas; una para el estudio microbiológico convencional y la otra para la PCR anidada. Esta última utiliza un par de cebadores basado en secuencias conservadas del gen 16S ribosomal y cebadores específicos para bacterias gram positivas. Se estandarizó la PCR logrando una sensibilidad de detección de 3.10-5 ng/µl para S. aureus, 2,5.10-3 ng/µl para S. pneumoniae y 6.10-7 ng/µl para E. coli. De las 51 muestras, 12 (23,5%) fueron positivas por métodos microbiológicos convencionales y 26 (51,0%) por la PCR anidada. Por cultivo se identificaron predominantemente bacterias grampositivas 8/11 (73%) y un aislado de hongo filamentoso. La PCR anidada presentó muy buena sensibilidad y de gran utilidad en la identificación del origen bacteriano de la endoftalmitis, mejorando la sensibilidad del cultivo en 27,5%. La discriminación bacteriana en grampositivos y gramnegativos por la PCR se correlacionó con el cultivo en el 100% de los casos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Infectious endophthalmitis is a serious intraocular condition, although it is rare, often results in vision loss. The early etiological diagnosis and appropriate treatment leads to a better outcome. Conventional microbiological techniques have low sensitivity in the diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis, however polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a more sensitive method which is widely used. The goal was to determine the etiology of infectious endophthalmitis by culture and PCR in patients who consulted in ophthalmologic centers in Asunción, Paraguay. Vitreous fluid samples obtained by puncture from 51 patients with endophthalmitis were studied. Samples were divided into two aliquots; one was used for the conventional microbiological study and the other for the nested PCR. The latter uses a pair of primers based on conserved sequences of the 16S gene ribosomal and specific primers for gram positive bacteria. Detection sensitivity of the nested PCR was 3.10-5 ng / &#956;l for S. aureus, 2.5.10-3 ng / &#956;l for S. pneumoniae and 6.10-7 ng / &#956;l for E. coli. Out of 51 samples, 12 (23.5%) were positive for conventional microbiological methods and 26 (51.0%) by nested-PCR. Gram-positive bacteria were predominant 8/11 (73%) by culture and one filamentous fungus was isolated. The nested PCR presented very good sensitivity and very useful for the identification of the bacterial origin of endophthalmitis, improving culture sensitivity in 27.5%. Bacterial discrimination in Gram positive and Gram negative by PCR correlated 100% with the culture.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[endoftalmitis bacteriana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[etiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensibilidad diagnóstico molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bacterial endophthalmitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[etiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensitivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular diagnosis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engelbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial endophthalmitis: epidemiology, therapeutics, and bacterium-host interactions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Microbiol Rev]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>111-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinnear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkness]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in rapid laboratory diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Hosp Infect.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>^s30</numero>
<issue>^s30</issue>
<supplement>30</supplement>
<page-range>253-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behrens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newcomb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nobe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of acute endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>605-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wisniewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spectrum and susceptibilities of microbiologic isolates in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liggett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infectious endophthalmitis after penetrating injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[National Eye Trauma System. Ophthalmology]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1468-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagaraja Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between clinical presentation and visual outcome in postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis in south central India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eykyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a 17-year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surv Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>403-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okhravi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunlop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matheson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Towler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PCR-based evidence of bacterial involvement in eyes with suspected intraocular infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3474-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Gelder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Applications of the polymerase chain reaction to diagnosis of ophthalmic disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surv Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>248-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical applications of molecular biology for infectious diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Biochem Rev.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagyalakshmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Therese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development and application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the etiological diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Postgrad Med.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>179-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heeb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reischl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery by polymerase chain reaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cataract Refract Surg.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>821-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Therese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1078-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etienne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polymerase chain reaction identification in aqueous humor of patients with postoperative endophthalmitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cataract Refract Surg.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>635-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaeger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choudhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunlop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matheson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of and discrimination between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in intraocular samples by using nested PCR]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1753-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Therese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA probe hybridization to determine the Gram reaction of the infecting bacterium in the intraocular fluids of patients with endophthalmitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Infect.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>221-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cevallos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margolis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of bacterial pathogens in patients with endophthalmitis by 16S ribosomal DNA typing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Ophthalmol.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>511-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantification using real-time PCR technology: applications and limitations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends Mol Med.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>257-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winn(h)]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koneman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Procop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schreckenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diagnóstico Microbiológico. Texto y Atlas a color]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<edition>6ta</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Panamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laspina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Staphylococcus coagulasa-negativa clínicamente significativos: Especies más frecuentes y factores de virulencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista chilena de infectología]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>480-.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty fifth Informational supplement and approved standard document M100-S25]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wayne, PA: CLSI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bispo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[d&#8217;Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Höfling-Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MCZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignatari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endoftalmites bacterianas com culturas positivas: uma revisão de 6 años]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arq Bras Oftalmolol.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>617-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reischl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improved detection of microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction in delayed endophthalmitis after cataract surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ophthalmology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1047-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okhravi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matheson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Towler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lightman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1438-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thuret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maurin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafontaine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eubacterial PCR for bacterial detection and identification in 100 acute postcataract surgery endophthalmitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1971-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Applications of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin. Biochem. Rev.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weisburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelletier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[16S ribosomal DNA ampli&#64257;cation for phylogenetic study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bacteriol]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<page-range>697-703</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neimark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rumore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Broad range DNA probes for detecting and amplifying eubacterial nucleic acids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FEMS Microbiol Lett]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bispo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho&#64258;ing-Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignatari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection and Gram Discrimination of Bacterial Pathogens from Aqueous and Vitreous Humor Using Real-Time PCR Assays]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>873-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Ibis T5000 universal biosensor: an automated platform for pathogen identification and strain typing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JALA-Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>341-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
