<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1812-9528</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1812-9528</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1812-95282018000200113</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2018.016(02)113-122</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conceptos actuales sobre la clasificación clínica y alteraciones electrofisiológicas en la disfunción del nódulo sinusal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Current concepts about the clinical classification and electrophysiological alterations in the sinus node dysfunction]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alderete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Centurión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osmar Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Hospital de Clínicas División de Medicina Cardiovascular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Lorenzo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio Metropolitano Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Fernando de la Mora ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>113</fpage>
<lpage>122</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1812-95282018000200113&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1812-95282018000200113&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1812-95282018000200113&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La disfunción del nódulo sinusal (DNS) es generalmente secundaria a la senescencia del nodo sinusal y del miocardio auricular circundante. Los pacientes con este trastorno son a menudo añosos y en general presentan otras comorbilidades. Los pacientes a menudo buscan atención médica con síntomas de aturdimiento, pre-síncope, síncope y, en pacientes con periodos alternantes de bradicardia y taquicardia, palpitaciones u otros síntomas asociados con una frecuencia cardíaca rápida. Debido a que los síntomas pueden ser de naturaleza variable, inespecíficos y frecuentemente transitorios, a veces puede ser difícil establecer esta relación síntoma-alteración electrocardiográfica. Los hallazgos electrocardiográficos típicos son uno o más episodios de bradicardia sinusal extrema (Rubenstein Tipo I), o pausas sinusales, paro y bloqueo de salida sinoatrial (Rubenstein Tipo II), o episodios de bradicardia y/o pausas alternantes con taquiarritmias auriculares (Rubenstein Tipo III). Las investigaciones basadas en el registro de electrogramas locales auriculares anormalmente prolongados y fraccionados durante el ritmo sinusal y su distribución característica en la aurícula derecha de pacientes con DNS han aportado un conocimiento importante sobre las propiedades electrofisiológicas de la aurícula patológica. El electrograma auricular anormal traduce una conducción auricular irregular, caracterizada por una actividad eléctrica local no homogénea, relacionada con una conducción anisotrópica, no uniforme y retardada a través de un miocardio auricular patológico, en el que se pueden originar arritmias por reentrada. La detección de electrogramas auriculares anormales en la DNS identifica a un grupo de pacientes con vulnerabilidad auricular aumentada y con una incidencia significativamente mayor de episodios espontáneos o inducidos de fibrilación auricular.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is often secondary to senescence of the sinus node and surrounding atrial myocardium. Patients with this disorder are frequently elderly and generally have other comorbidities. Patients with SND often seek medical attention with symptoms of lightheadedness, presyncope, syncope, and, in patients with alternating periods of bradycardia and tachycardia, palpitations and/or other symptoms associated with a rapid heart rate. Because symptoms may be variable in nature, nonspecific, and frequently transient, it may be challenging at times to establish this symptom-rhythm relationship. Typical electrocardiographic findings are one or more episodes of extreme sinus bradycardia (Rubenstein type I), or sinus pauses, arrest, and sinoatrial exit block (Rubenstein type II), or alternating bradycardia and atrial tachyarrhythmias (Rubenstein type III). Investigations based on the recording of abnormally prolonged and fractionated local atrial electrograms during sinus rhythm and their characteristic distribution in the right atrium of patients with SND have provided important knowledge about the pathological atrium electrophysiological properties. Abnormal atrial electrogram results in an irregular atrial conduction, characterized by a non-homogeneous local electrical activity, related to an anisotropic, non-uniform and delayed conduction through a pathological atrial myocardium, in which reentry arrhythmias may arise. Abnormal atrial electrograms detection in SND identifies a group of patients with increased atrial vulnerability and a significantly higher incidence of spontaneous or induced episodes of atrial fibrillation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disfunción del nódulo sinusal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome de enfermedad sinusal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fibrilación auricular paroxística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vulnerabilidad auricular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[electrogramas auriculares endocárdicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sinus node dysfunction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sick sinus syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[paroxysmal atrial fibrillation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[atrial vulnerability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endocardial atrial electrograms]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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