<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1683-9803</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatría (Asunción)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatr. (Asunción)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1683-9803</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1683-98032018000100025</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31698/ped.45012018004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Perfil nutricional de niñas y niños indígenas menores de cinco años del Paraguay y su asociación con factores socioeconómicos y otros determinantes sociales, Encuesta de Hogares Indígenas 2008]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nutritional profile of indigenous girls and boys under five years of age in Paraguay and its association with socioeconomic factors and other social determinants, Indigenous Household Survey 2008]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bubak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vit]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Desarrollo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Asunción Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Cátedra y Servicio de Pediatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Asunción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1683-98032018000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1683-98032018000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1683-98032018000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La desnutrición es un desafío pendiente que influye nocivamente en el desarrollo de los niños indígenas, afectando su potencial de crecimiento.  Objetivo:  Analizar la situación nutricional niños indígenas menores de cinco años en el Paraguay y su asociación con factores socio- económicos y otros determinantes sociales.  Materiales y Métodos:  Estudio transversal, descriptivo, analítico, realizado con datos representativos a nivel nacional de la Encuesta de Hogares Indígenas (EHI 2008). Variables: edad, sexo, grupo lingüístico, peso, talla, acceso a agua, acceso a saneamiento básico, tenencia de seguro médico, peso al nacer, lactancia materna, episodios de diarrea, educación. Se consideraron los siguientes grupos de edad: menores de un año, de 1 a 2 años, 2 a 3 años, 3 a 4 años, 4 años y más. El diagnóstico nutricional fue por antropometría, según criterios de la OMS: puntaje z Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla y Talla/Edad. Estadísticas: Se utilizaron promedio, desviación estándar, porcentajes. También se utilizó t Student y Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Significancia p &lt; 0,05.  Resultados:  Fueron estudiados 555 niñas y niños menores de cinco años, edad promedio 29,1 meses (1-59 meses), 53,9% varones. Los promedios de zPeso/Edad, de zPeso/Talla y de zTalla/Edad fueron - 0,56±1,2DE; 0,64±1,2DE; -1,75±1,6DE, respectivamente. La prevalencia de Desnutrición Global (DG) fue del 9,8% (en riesgo del 25,0%), de Desnutrición Aguda (DA) del 1,5% (en riesgo del 5,6%), de Desnutrición Crónica (DC) del 41,7% (en riesgo del 29,4%), y de Obesidad del 9,0% (en riesgo del 28,6%). No se observó asociación significativa entre el estado nutricional y sexo. Se observó asociación significativa entre los grupos de edad y la DA (p&lt;0,05), la DC (p&lt;0,01), y el riesgo de DG (p&lt;0,05). Se observó asociación significativa entre los grupos lingüísticos y la DC, el riesgo de DG, y el sobrepeso (p&lt;0,05).Hubo mayor desnutrición en niños: sin seguro médico (DC 25,0 vs 43,4%, p&lt;0,01), parto domiciliario (DC 33,2 vs 45,3%; DG 5,0 vs 11,8%; p&lt;0,05), con bajo peso de nacimiento (en riesgo de DG 14,5 vs 39,9%; p&lt;0,05), con diarrea durante los 3 meses anteriores (en riesgo de DG 21,2 vs 34,7%, p&lt;0,01; sobrepeso 21,0 vs 31,6%, p&lt;0,01), con madre no-alfabetizada (en riesgo de DG 18,6 vs 30,3%, p&lt;0,01), con menor acceso a agua segura (DC vs 42,8vs 27,6 % p&lt;0,01 y con piso de tierra (en riesgo de DA 0,9 vs 6,2%, p&lt;0,05; DG 0,4 vs 11,0%, p&lt;0,01).  Conclusiones:  Existe una alta prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en niños indígenas menores de cinco años de edad. Las políticas e intervenciones de alimentación y nutrición diseñadas para los pueblos indígenas deben seguir adaptándose de acuerdo con los estilos de vida culturales y las percepciones alimentarias de las comunidades para mejorar esta situación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Malnutrition is a pending challenge that negatively influences the development of indigenous children, affecting their potential for growth.  Objective:  To analyze the nutritional status of indigenous children under five years of age in Paraguay and its association with socio- economic factors and other social determinants.  Materials and Methods:  This was a cross- sectional, descriptive, analytical study, using representative data from the nation-wide Indigenous Household Survey (IHS 2008). Variables were: Age, sex, linguistic group, weight, height, access to water, access to basic sanitation, medical insurance, birth weight, breastfeeding, episodes of diarrhea and education. We used the following age groups in our study: under one year of age, ages 1 to 2 years, 2 to 3 years, 3 to 4 years and over 4 years of age. The nutritional diagnosis was made by anthropometry, according to WHO criteria: z score Weight / Age, Weight / Height and Height / Age. Statistics: Average, standard deviation and percentages were used. Student's t test and Pearson's Chi square were also used. Significance was defined as p &lt;0.05.  Results:  555 girls and boys under 5 years of age were studied, the average age 29,1 months (1-59 months), 53,9% were males. The averages of Weight / Age, of Weight / Height and of Height/ Age were -0,56 ± 1,2 SD; 0,64 ± 1,2DE; -1,75 ± 1,6DE, respectively. The prevalence of Global Malnutrition (GM) was 9.8% (at risk of 25.0%), of Acute Malnutrition (AM) was 1.5% (at risk of 5.6%), of Chronic Malnutrition (CM) was 41.7% (at risk of 29.4%), and of Obesity was 9.0% (at risk of 28.6%). No significant association was observed between nutritional status and sex. There was a significant association between age groups and AM (p &lt;0.05), CM (p&lt;0.01), and risk of GM (p&lt;0.05). There was a significant association between linguistic groups and CM, the risk of GM, and overweight (p&lt;0.05). There was greater malnutrition in children without medical insurance (CM 25.0 vs 43.4%, p &lt; 0.01), who had a home delivery (CM 33.2 vs 45.3%; GM 5.0 vs 11.8%; p&lt;0.05), with low birth weight (at risk of GM 14.5 vs 39.9 %; p&lt;0.05), with diarrhea during the previous 3 months (at risk of GM 21.2 vs 34.7%, p&lt;0.01, overweight 21.0 vs 31.6%, p&lt;0.01), with a non-literate mother (at risk of GM 18.6 vs 30.3%, p&lt;0.01), with less access to safe water (CM vs 42.8 vs 27.6% p&lt;0.01) and with a dirt floor (at risk of AM 0.9 vs. 6.2%, p&lt;0.05, DG 0.4 vs. 11.0%, p&lt;0.01).  Conclusions:  There is a high prevalence of chronic malnutrition in indigenous children under the age of 5. Food and nutrition policies and interventions designed for indigenous peoples must continue to adapt in accordance with cultural lifestyles and the food perceptions of communities to improve this situation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desnutrición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estado nutricional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores socio-económicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[población indígena]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[malnutrition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nutritional status]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socio-economic factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indigenous population]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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