Introduction:

Neutropenia is a consequence of a number of diseases but is most frequently observed in oncologic patients after chemotherapy. If fever is added to neutropenia, the prognosis is ominous. The importance of this pathology lies in the morbidity and mortality that produces in patients.

Objective:

To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of adult patients with febrile neutropenia atthe National Hospital.

Methodology:

The clinical records of patients with febrile neutropenia of any etiologyadmitted in the rooms of the Clinical Service of the National Hospital (Itauguá, Paraguay) in the period 2010-2016 were evaluated. The design was observational, retrospectiveand prospective.

Results:

Forty one patients with a diagnosis of febrile neutropenia were identified, 23 (56.1%) of them were women. The mean age was 52±13 years. The most frequent cause of neutropenia was post-chemotherapy in oncologic patients. Staphylococcus hominis was the most frequently isolated bacteria. The MASCCrisk index identified 20 (48.78%) patients with high riskand 21 (51.22%) patients withlow risk. Seven (17.1%) deaths were recorded.

Conclusions:

Febrile neutropenia was more frequent in patients with medullaryaplasia after chemotherapeutic treatment. Mortality was 17.1%.

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