Resumen

GALEANO S, María del Pilar; PINO, Darío; WEYER, Silvia  y  ARENAS, Katia. Composting of cotton seeds treated with Carbofuran and Furathiocarb in Paraguay. Investig. Agrar. [online]. 2013, vol.15, n.1, pp.55-61. ISSN 2305-0683.

Over 4,000 tons of expired cotton seed treated with Carbofuran and Furathiocarb exist in different seed storages of the country. The objective of the research was to implement and validate a model of biodegradation of pesticides in cotton seeds by composting. Five compost piles of 2000 kg each were formed in a seed storage of the Servicio Nacional de Calidad y Sanidad Vegetal y de Semillas (SENAVE), Paraguarí, Paraguay. The treatments evaluated were: T1 and T2 with 20% and 40% of crushed cotton seed, 67% and 47% of a mixture of coconut husk and sugar cane bagasse, 10% of cow manure and 3% of soil, respectively; T3, T4 and T5 with 60%, 40% and 20% of whole cottonseed, 17%, 47% and 67% of a mixture of coconut husk and sugarcane bagasse, 20%, 10% and 10% of cow manure and 3% of soil, respectively. According to laboratory tests, at 70 days of composting, Furathiocarb decreased to values between 0.13 and 1.0 mg/kg and Carbofuran to values between 0.5 to 2.1 mg/kg, considered low risk levels. A direct relationship exists between the concentration of cottonseed used and the time required to degrade the pesticide. According to the data of temperatures, at 130 days into the experiment, in treatments T1, T2 and T5 finalize the process, with temperatures below 40°C, but not in T3 and T4, which recorded temperatures above 40 °C and strong odor of the pesticides.

Palabras clave : Composting; cotton seed; biodegradation; Carbofuran; Furathiocarb.

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