Introduction:

It is estimated that globally, each year around 10% of infants have bronchiolitis. A peak occurs between 2 and 6 months of age

Objective:

To determine the risk factors of bronchiolitis in children less than two years of age who admitted at the pediatric service of the Institute of Tropical Medicine between 2017 and 2019

Method:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study in which patients under 2 years of age admitted to the Pediatric Service of the Institute of Tropical Medicine from January 2018 to February 2019 were included with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis in which the risk factors of the disease were analyzed.

Results:

We studied a population of 38 patients who presented bronchiolitis before 2 years, 19 were children (50%) The average age at admission was 3.5 ± 2.8 months (range, 1-10 months). No tobacco data were found in pregnancy. RSV was detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirate of 8 children (21%), viral detection was negative in 14 children (37%) and the determination was not made in 18 cases (47%). The following risk factors were independently associated with bronchiolitis: Asthma of the parents, RSV infection, wheezing, cyanosis and overcrowding. The risk factors studied exposure to tobacco, sex, age at the time of bronchiolitis or exclusive breastfeeding were not associated with admission to the ICU of patients with bronchiolitis.

Conclusion:

We have found associated risk factors related to the host such as asthma of the parents, and others such as wheezing, cyanosis, overcrowding and RSV infection.

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