Introduction:

Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP) represents the most common hospital infection, associated with a high mortality, morbidity and costs. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence, isolated microorganisms and the mortality in pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP).

Methods:

A descriptive with analytical component, retrospective study with a quantitative approach of patients admitted to the Adult Intensive Care Unit (AICU) of the Hospital de Clínicas in the years 2015-2016. All patients were included with criteria of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP). The data was obtained from active and selective surveillance.

Results:

During the study period, 877 patients were admitted at the AICU, of which 809 patients required 809 (92,2%) Mechanical Respiratory Assistance. The VAP was 16,7 / 1,000 days of Mechanical Ventilation. The most frequent microorganisms isolated were A. baumannii complex 30% (35/113),P. aeruginosa 29% (33/113) and K. pneumoniae 23% (15/113), and 91% (32/35) of Acinetobacter spp, 87% (29/33) of P. aeruginosa and 58% (15/26) of K. pneumoniae were multiresistant. The mortality was significantly higher in the patients with NAVM (52,3% vs 31,3%) (p<0,0002; OR=2,5 (1,5 - 4,1).

Conclusions:

The incidence rate of VAP was high. The Gram-negative bacilli were the most frequent microorganisms isolated. The study determined a high frequency of multi-resistant microorganism. The mortality associated with VAP was significantly higher than in those patients who did not develop VAP.

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