Introduction:

The incidence of macrosomia is between 4.7 to 16.4%. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 refers that 6.7% of newborns in the world were overweight or obese.9 In 2014 it reported that in the regions of South America 7.6% of newborns were born with overweight.

Materials and methods:

Observational, analytical study of cases and controls. The non-probability sampling method of consecutive cases. The accessible population are patients who gave birth to macrosomic newborns in the Department and Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Hospital de Clínicas. The cases are patients with obstetric ultrasound of the third trimester who gave birth to a single newborn, alive or dead, greater than 37 weeks per Capurro, with a birth weight greater than or equal to 4000 grams in the Department and Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Hospital de Clínicas - San Lorenzo, from January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Results:

With a significant difference (p <0.05), the study shows an opportunity for cesarean sections with 64 (84.21%) as the means of termination of pregnancy, being 5.77 times higher in pregnancies with a macrosomic fetus. Injuries to the birth canal were reported in 8 (10.53%) in macrosomic newborn deliveries and 46 (30.26%) in controls, representing a significant difference.

Conclusion:

maternal risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia are: anterior macrosomia, pre-pregnancy maternal obesity, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and a weight gain> 15 kg during pregnancy. Most of the women studied were of urban origin, in common union, housewives and with secondary schooling, but they did not turn out to be risk factors for macrosomic newborns. No association was found between fetal macrosomia and gestational diabetes.

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