Abstract

GUILLEN, Rosa; FUNES, Patricia  and  ECHAGUE, Gloria. Morphologic analysis of voluminous and staghorn kidney stones. Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud [online]. 2016, vol.14, n.2, pp.61-67. ISSN 1812-9528.  https://doi.org/10.18004/Mem.iics/1812-9528/2016.014(02)61-067.

The formation of stones in the urinary system is characteristic of urolithiasis. When the stones are bigger than 20 mm long they are considered voluminous and staghorn when they fill the renal pelvis and branch into one or more of the calices. Urinary stones could frequently compromise renal integrity and functionality. This descriptive and retrospective study aimed to describe the composition of voluminous and staghorn stones obtained from 67 patients who attended IICS from March, 2007 to April, 2011 and complied with the inclusion criteria. Morphological analysis of kidney stones was made by applying mineralogical and morphological criteria described previously by Daudon et al. giving different morphological types, each one with a dominant composition and a probable etiological cause of the stone formation. The more frequent types in the nucleus were IVa1 and IIa composed respectively of carbapatite (calcium phosphate) and weddellite (calcium oxalate dihidrated) while Ia composed of Whewhellite (calcium oxalate monohydrated) was the more frequent type in section and surface. The presence of 2 or more morphological types associated was detected in 87% of the stones, showing the multifactorial etiology of urolithiasis. Open surgery was the more frequent technique to remove the stones 5 patients lost one kidney as an outcome of lithiasis. This results point the importance of the correct identification of the cause that generates the stones to select proper measures to avoid recurrence and severe complications.

Keywords : Urolithiasis; Voluminous stones; Staghorn stones; morphological analysis.

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