Introduction:

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a clinical entity that is manifested by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and/or arterial hypertension and is related to the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of MS in adolescents enrolled in school in the Central Department in 2021 and to evaluate their related risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive study with an analytical component. 279 adolescents aged 10 to 16 years old from 6 randomly chosen schools were included. A survey on lifestyles, eating practices, family and perinatal history was performed. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), glycemia, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Cook's criteria were used for the diagnosis of MS. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the IICS and the University Hospital. For data analysis, tables of frequencies, median and Chi-square test were used for the prevalence ratio (PR) with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results:

Median age was 13 years in general and 11.5 years in MS, 53% were male. The prevalence of overweight adolescents was 22.9% and 26.16% were obese. Hyperglycemia was present in 0.01%, hypertriglyceridemia in 16%, low HDL in 37.9%, arterial prehypertension in 11% and WC > p90 in 36%. The prevalence of MS was 10.7%. WC >p90 with a PR of 31.4 (7.6-128), and hypertriglyceridemia with a PR of 46.8 (14.8-147.7), were the predominant components of MS. High birth weight and physical inactivity were identified as significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of MS was 10.7%, it was related to higher birth weight, obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

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