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Pediatría (Asunción)

versión On-line ISSN 1683-9803

Resumen

GONZALEZ MILTOS, Marco Antonio; MEZA, Ricardo  y  SANCHEZ BERNAL, Susana. Food allergies in pediatrics: Frequency, clinical characteristics and most frequent allergens in patients at a pediatric referral allergy clinic. Pediatr. (Asunción) [online]. 2021, vol.48, n.3, pp.187-194. ISSN 1683-9803.  https://doi.org/10.31698/ped.48032021006.

Introduction:

Food allergies are an increasingly frequent pathology in childhood. In order to prevent them and to offer a better therapeutic approach, it is important to characterize them.

Objective:

To determine the frequency, clinical characteristics and types of foods that trigger the most frequent food allergies, in pediatric patients at a referral clinic, between March 2016-March 2019.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study with secondary data from clinical records of patients under 18 years of age. Age, sex, clinical manifestations and type of triggering food allergen, detected by RAST, were studied.

Results:

The median age of diagnosis was 10 months, 52 (73%) patients were infants, 10 (14%) were preschool and the rest were schoolchildren and adolescents; 43 (60%) were male. Skin lesions were present (isolated or combined with other symptoms) in 46 cases (64%); respiratory symptoms in 38 cases (53%); gastrointestinal in 30 cases (42.2%). Milk was the food allergen detected in 52 (73%) patients, egg in 33 (46%), wheat in 7 (9.8%), soy in 6 (8.5%), gluten in 5 (7%); sweets, peanuts, corn and sausages in 2 (2.8%) children and finally watermelon, tomato and condiments in 1 (1.4%) case. A single allergen was recorded in 46 cases (64.7%), two allergens in 16 cases (22.5%), three allergens in 5 cases (7%), and more than three allergens in 4 cases (5.6%).

Conclusions:

Infants are the most affected by food allergies, skin and digestive symptoms are more prevalent. Cow's milk protein is the most common allergen followed by eggs.

Palabras clave : Food allergy; food allergens; children; pediatrics.

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