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Revista de salud publica del Paraguay
versão impressa ISSN 2224-6193versão On-line ISSN 2307-3349
Resumo
GAMARRA, María Graciela et al. Implementation of a technological tool (TIC) for the monitoring of environmental factors and possible conditions related to exposure due to the use of agricultural pesticides in Paraguay. Rev. salud publica Parag. [online]. 2019, vol.9, n.1, pp.19-32. ISSN 2307-3349. https://doi.org/10.18004/rspp.2019.junio.19-32.
Introduction:
Paraguay, with high development of extensive agriculture, is potentially vulnerable to situations related to inadequate management, lack of prevention and risks to individual, community and environmental health, due to non-compliance with good practices in the selection, handling and management of pesticides.
Objective:
Design and implement a surveillance method with data loading of the public system to detect, prioritize and map events related to the inadequate handling of pesticides; establish possible associations with causes of morbidity and mortality; and monitoring to assess relative risks.
Methods:
With the creation of the Georeferenced Information System for the Evaluation of Cases of Health Conditions (SIGEC), a web method that collects information on community monitoring of management and possible effects of pesticides on small producers and agricultural companies, and on plantation plots In the national territory, an epidemiological surveillance study was conducted on life conditions, environmental variables and risk of exposure to pesticides.
Results:
When relating hospital discharge data of tracer diseases (EH) 2011 - 2015, in maps by Departments, Regions of the Pilot Study and by Districts, a concentration of them was observed in 3 to 4 regions related to the use of pesticides, repeating this situation in pathologies with high concentrations (red color) or intermediate (yellow color), with possible causal or casual association.
The other districts of these observed regions that are colored green, does not imply absence of registered cases, but they are in the lower third of the total registered (table on the left of the maps).
Poligonization assesses the degree of exposure of people at risk and provides georeferencing of the Community Monitoring variables, and also allows monitoring through point charts, useful for health decision-makers.
The proposed tools are friendly and similar to those of the Community Census conducted by regional statisticians at the USF.
Conclusions:
The epidemiological surveillance based on the SIGEC complements the partial vision of the current monitoring systems of the MSP and BS through the information in georeferenced graphs, visualizes data of the health problem raised, in a specific territory, uses environmental and labor variables with possible relation to exposure of pesticides, in easy reading format, making it a useful tool for subsequent monitoring through relevant design investigations, using appropriate statistical models, for the subsequent application of public policies.
Palavras-chave : Exposure to pesticides; monitoring of the work environment; epidemiological monitoring; Software.