Objective:

To determine if chronic anemia is a risk factor associated with death due to hypovolemic shock in Peruvian adults.

Methods:

Observational, case-control study, based on data from the National Death System of the Peruvian Ministry of Health between January 2021 and September 2022. Patients with and without anemia (independent variable) were included, whose causes of immediate death were divided into deaths due to hypovolemic shock (dependent variable) and deaths due to other immediate causes. The Chi-square test and Cramer's V coefficient were performed, as well as multivariate analysis considering variables such as age and sex. A significant p value of less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered.

Results:

One thousand six hundred and twenty-seven men died from hypovolemic shock, of which 18.20% had chronic anemia (p<0.001). Of 1540 deceased women, 21.30% had chronic anemia (p<0.001) and in both groups (3167) 19.70% had chronic anemia (p<0.001). With Cramer's V test, a positive and low association was found between the variables studied (p<0.001). Patients with chronic anemia were more likely to die from hypovolemic shock than those who died without chronic anemia, and this was higher in adults over 40 years of age, data reaffirmed in the binary logistic regression model.

Conclusions:

Chronic anemia is a comorbidity that represents an increased risk of death in patients with hypovolemic shock. Regardless of the etiology of the shock, the control and correction of chronic anemia could have an impact on reducing mortality from acute hypovolemia in Peruvian adults.

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